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120 Evaluation of Opportunities for Converting Indigenous UK Wastes to Wastes and Energy AEA/ED45551/Issue 1 Table 60 Burning Poultry Litter to Generate Energy Site and Operator Thetford, EPRL Westfield, EPRL Location Quantity of Poultry Litter (t/yr) Generation Capacity Operational Norfolk 420,000 38.5 MW 1998 The largest poultry litter fuelled plant in the world. Fife 110,000 10 MW 2000 Uses a bubbling fluidised bed combustion system. Eye, EPRL Suffolk 140,000 Plant also burns horse bedding and feathers It cost £22 million to develop and implement. 12.7 MW 1992 The world’s first poultry litter fuelled plant. More than 650,000 tonnes of poultry litter are committed to the three EPRL (Energy Power Resources Ltd) plants. Significantly EPRL has contracts with the all of the largest commercial poultry farmers so it is likely that the remaining resource will be more difficult to collect and use. Nevertheless it is estimated that around 80% of the poultry litter in the UK could be available for energy plants, totalling 3.33 million tonnes (using the figures generated in Section 4.5), potentially with an energy content of 30 million GJ. This resource is available “free”. It is a waste with considerable disposal problems and the farmers need to get rid of it. However, EPRL pay the farmers £10/odt in order to ensure a secure supply of good quality fuel for their plants. Applications so far have all been for large scale power generation due to the difficult nature of the fuel that demands economy of scale to be economic. A project at the University of Manchester, supported by the Carbon Trust and Keld Energy, is working to develop a small-scale power plant, 200kW,that uses a fluid bed gasifier capable of converting biomass into combustible gas connected to a small gas turbine. Such a system would provide heat to the poultry farm, electricity to the surrounding community, and provide a bio-secure disposal route for the poultry litter. 220 As discussed above agricultural residues have a wide range of composition and properties that often result in reduced performance and operating difficulties. However they have the overwhelming advantages of being cheap and available. Engineers therefore develop robust solutions to access the profit that can be generated from these feedstocks. We give below some examples of how problems have been addressed worldwide. In addition a recent patent issued in the USA discusses a pyrolysis method of obtaining energy from poultry litter. 221 We are aware anecdotally of other gasification concepts to treat poultry litter but no examples of operating plant. 220 The University of Manchester, http://www.manchester.ac.uk/aboutus/news/archive/list/item/?id=3177&year=2007&month=10 221 Thermochemical Method for Conversion of Poultry Litter, US2009031616 (A1), 05.02.2009.
Evaluation of Opportunities for Converting Indigenous UK Wastes to Wastes and Energy AEA/ED45551/Issue 1 Table 61 Two international examples of plants that use poultry litter as feedstock Capacity Comments Location Year Generation Moerdijk, Netherlands 222 2008 440,000 tonnes/annum 36.5 MW Constructed by the Dutch multiutility company Delta, the feedstock is sourced through a cooperative comprised of 629 separate poultry farmers. 223 Benson, Minnesota, USA 224 2007 500,000 tonnes/annum 55 MW The first poultry-litter fuelled power plant in the USA based on the Fibrowatt plants in the UK. Animal Wastes The Glanford power station in North Lincolnshire was originally commissioned to burn poultry litter, but was converted to allow the burning of MBM (Meat and bone meal) in 2000 as part of the UK effort to deal with the build up of MBM resulting from the rules for slaughter and disposal of cattle suffering from BSE. As of 2004 the plant has been licensed to burn MBM from any source. It has a generation capacity of 13.5MW. 8.3 EfW Potential The UK has a number of incineration plants, which currently make little use of the heat generated. Table 62 shows that the current permitted incineration capacity in England and Wales in 2007 (this does not include facilities that burn waste from their own in-house processes) was about 8.6 million tonnes. 225 Facilities for MSW account for about 50% of the total capacity, and only 60% of the total available capacity was used in 2007. Table 62 Incineration capacity (tonnes) in England and Wales for 2007. 225 Type Permitted Capacity Tonnage Incinerated in 2006 Tonnage Incinerated in 2007 Animal Carcasses 85,779 22,685 19,427 Animal By-Products 1,258,000 803,480 799,158 Clinical 222,093 114,272 123,349 Co-Incineration of hazardous waste 1,052,087 215,016 281,099 Co-Incineration of non hazardous waste 972,660 99,984 347,707 Hazardous 209,175 133,895 132,963 Municipal 4,416,100 3,293,719 3,277,707 Bio-solids 387,500 196,434 190,825 Total 8,603,394 4,879,485 5,172,235 222 Netherlands plant to convert poultry litter to energy, http://www.biomassmagazine.com/article.jsp?article_id=2006 223 Netherlands Plant to Convert Poultry Litter to Energy, http://www.biomassmagazine.com/article.jsp?article_id=2006, http://www.delta.nl/web/show/id=84742 224 Fibromin, http://www.fibrowattusa.com/us-projects.cfm?id=16 225 http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/research/library/data/97795.aspx 121
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South East 327 - - 55% of MSW by 20
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Appendix 3 MBT Methods Specific in
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Figure 27 Orchid Environmental proc
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