to read the full report - Ecolateral by Peter Jones

More documents

Recommendations

Info

52 Evaluation of Opportunities for Converting Indigenous UK Wastes to Wastes and Energy AEA/ED45551/Issue 1 Although there is considerable variation in the residue output of livestock, as it is species dependent, age and type of animal dependent, and residue collection system dependent, some generalisations can be made: • Where cows are housed, usually for part of the winter, and for regular portions of each day if it is a dairy herd, the slurry is usually collected mixed with straw, using a scraper system. Slurry is collected on around 18% of beef cattle farms, and 66% of dairy cattle farms. The addition of straw will alter the total solid composition, as will the type of housing system in use. Rinsing of the area is not common, so dilution of the slurry with water is minimal. 75 • Most pigs are housed for the majority of their lives, often 100%, making collection of their residues viable. However variation in the types of housing, and methods of farming mean that there are large variations of total solids and organic dry matter. Larger pig farms usually collect the waste as a liquid slurry, at a high dilution. Other methods include the use of a scraper system which produces a higher dry content. 75 • Egg laying poultry do not use bedding, and therefore their residues are quite wet and count as wet residue. In contract poultry raised for meat will use bedding, often sawdust and wood shavings, and considerable time elapses before the residue is collected, permitting significant drying to occur. Thus these residues are considered to be dry residues. • Sheep are largely un-housed, so it is not possible to collect their residues. For this reason they have not been considered any further in this report. Livestock can be grouped according to the category of animal and the type of collection system that is likely to be used. Such a scaling system has been used previously to estimate the potential methane yield of agricultural residues for Defra. 76 These scaling factors can be applied to the total number of livestock, to begin to estimate the regional arisings of residues. The total current livestock numbers are detailed in Table 21, and have been taken from the Farm Surveys of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Further breakdown of the numbers can be found in Appendix 1, where more detailed categorisation has been used. 77 Table 21 Livestock numbers for the UK, on a regional basis. Cattle Pigs Total Fowls Region (‘000 head) (‘000 head) (‘000 head) East Midlands 519 418 24,178 East of England 220 1,066 25,312 North East 286 85 2,428 North West 965 160 8,263 South East inc. London 461 259 9,867 South West 1,804 480 18,316 West Midlands 760 235 16,602 Yorkshire and Humber 583 1,239 14,408 England - Total 5,598 3,943 119,374 Northern Ireland 1,623 402 16,322 Scotland 1,897 457 8,308 Wales 1,323 25 5,836 UK - Total 10,440 4,828 150, 000 75 Feedstocks for Anaerobic Digestion, AD-NETT Report 2000. 76 Assessment of Methane Management and Recovery Options for Livestock Manures and Slurries, 2005, AEA for Defra. Figures calculated from English data. Applied uniformly here to England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. 77 June Survey of Agriculture and Horticulture (Land use, livestock and labour on agricultural holdings at 1 June 2008) England – Final Results, Defra, Published 20 November 2008. Welsh Agricultural Statistics 2007, http://wales.gov.uk/topics/statistics/publications/was2007/?lang=en, 2008 June Agricultural and Horticultural Census for Scotland, http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2008/06/19154131/1 , The Agricultural Census in Northern Ireland, 2008 http://www.dardni.gov.uk/da1_09_25820__08.09.160_agricultural_census_in_ni_-_results_for_june_2008_amended.pdf.pdf
Evaluation of Opportunities for Converting Indigenous UK Wastes to Wastes and Energy AEA/ED45551/Issue 1 Livestock manure is principally composed of organic matter that if stored in an anaerobic environment will decompose to produce methane. The level of methane production depends on the quantity and quality of the manure, and on the environment, i.e. the proportion that decomposes anaerobically. Table 22 details the manure generation characteristics of the various categories of livestock as discussed above. The amount of Volatile Solids is closely related to the quantity of dry matter produced in the manure. Table 22 Animal manure generation characteristics 76 Animal Proportion of the year housed Proportion of waste collected as slurry Volatile Solids kg/head/day Dairy cow 59% 66% 3.48 Other cattle (excl. calves) 50% 18% 2.7 Calves 45% 0% 1.46 Dry sow 100% 35% 0.63 Sows plus litters 100% 75% 0.63 Fattening pig (20 – 130kg) 90% 33% 0.49 Weaners (
Page 1 and 2: Evaluation of Opportunities for Con
Page 51: Evaluation of Opportunities for Con
Page 103 and 104:
Evaluation of Opportunities for Con
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
Page 157 and 158:
Page 159 and 160:
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188:
Page 189:
South East 327 - - 55% of MSW by 20
Page 192 and 193:
Appendix 3 MBT Methods Specific in
Page 194 and 195:
Figure 27 Orchid Environmental proc
show all

to read the full report - Ecolateral by Peter Jones

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?