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84 Evaluation of Opportunities for Converting Indigenous UK Wastes to Wastes and Energy AEA/ED45551/Issue 1 Table 44: Paper and board arising as a segregated stream from Industrial and Commercial sectors, 2006. Sector description Paper and cardboard (‘000 tonnes) I Food, drink and tobacco 262 I Manufacture of pulp, paper and paper products 568 I Publishing, printing and recording 1,331 I Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products; cleaning 159 products, man-made fibres etc; rubber and plastic products I Manufacture of office machinery, computers, electrical, radio, television and communication equipment; medical and optical instruments and clocks 82 Total Industrial 2,656 C Retail - motor vehicles, parts and fuel; wholesale; other retail 3,642 C Travel agents, other business, finance, real estate and 1,183 computer related activities C Transport, storage, communications 328 C Social work and public administration 291 C Miscellaneous 201 Total Commercial 5,976 I: Industrial sector, C: Commercial sector The other source of paper/cardboard is from mixed/general category of C&I waste, approximately 31% of C&I arisings. This has been found to contain approximately 34% paper and card by weight, yielding about 7.1 million tonnes. 144 In total the arisings of paper and card in C&I waste is 15.7 million tonnes. This represents 23% by weight of total C&I arisings, and Table 45 gives estimates for the corresponding regional arisings. Table 45: Paper and board waste arising from C&I. Region Paper and Cardboard (‘000 tonnes) East Midlands 1,510 East of England 1,727 London 1,861 North East 1,058 North West 1,917 South East 2,036 South West 1,278 West Midlands 1,671 Yorkshire and Humber 2,561 England - Total 15,619 Northern Ireland 368 Scotland 1,219 Wales 1,794 UK - Total 19,000 144 Determination of the Biodegradability of Mixed Industrial and Commercial Waste Landfilled in Wales for the Environment Agency, SLR, 2007, http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/static/documents/Research/biodegwals_1913611.pdf
Evaluation of Opportunities for Converting Indigenous UK Wastes to Wastes and Energy AEA/ED45551/Issue 1 Recycling Table 46 shows that the recycling rate for paper and card has increased from 34% in 1995 to 71% in 2007. 145 The UK collected 8.5 million tonnes of paper for recycling in 2007, but as it only has capacity to produce about 5 million tonnes of paper and card products, and thus 4 million tonnes of collected material is exported for recycling. 146 Table 46: Paper and board recycling rates for the UK, accounting for imports and exports Year 1995 2000 2005 2007 Recycling rate (Wt %) 34 41 62 71 Forecast Assuming that there is no increase in the proportion of paper and board arisings in MSW and C&I wastes, then the predictions of general waste increase can be used to estimate that MSW paper and board waste will have risen to 7.6 million tonnes by 2010 and 8.0 million tonnes by 2020, and C&I paper and board waste will have risen to 19,320,000 tonnes in 2010 and 20,240,000 tonnes by 2020. Total estimated arisings of paper and cardboard in the UK will be about 28.2 million tonnes per annum in 2020. Conclusion There has been considerable interest in paper and board as a potential feedstock for the generation of energy. This waste stream is predicted to increase over the coming years, and as such should be a stable feedstock. 5.6 Conclusions A number of materials are of particular interest for future energy and fuels production. Most are extracted from bulk, collected waste streams. These are: • Waste wood extracted from MSW, C&I and C&D waste streams, including all wood packaging waste. A large proportion of the wood will have been treated with a preservative, or similar, and therefore the waste must be used in a WID compliant site. Total UK MSW wood waste arisings are estimated to be 1.06 million tonnes, based on good quality data, while both C&D and C&I data sources are of poor quality, but estimations are that C&D arisings were 4.4 million tonnes, and C&I arisings were 4.48 million tonnes. • Food waste is a major waste stream, with a total of 18-20 million tonnes generated each year. Of this 6.7 million tonnes is from UK households, while the commercial and industrial sector also contributes to the food waste stream, with 1.6 million tonnes from retailers, 4.1 million tonnes from food manufacturers and 3 million tonnes from food service and restaurants. • Tallow is a product of the rendering industry, and all UK production, currently estimated to be 250,000 tonnes per annum, is already used for some commercial function. Use of this material for alternative purposes, e.g. bio-diesel production, is already occurring and is disrupting traditional markets. • Textile waste arises mainly from MSW and C&I waste streams, estimated to be 1.9 million tonnes each year in the UK. Reuse of high and medium quality textiles offers significant environmental benefits, only when textiles are very badly damaged or soiled does energy recovery and similar solutions become advisable. 145 Recovery and recycling of waste paper and board: 1993 – 2007, Defra, 2008, http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/statistics/waste/download/xls/wrtb20.xls 146 Key industry facts 2007. Confederation of Paper Industries, 2008. 85
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South East 327 - - 55% of MSW by 20
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Appendix 3 MBT Methods Specific in
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Figure 27 Orchid Environmental proc
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