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Table 2 Summary of Technologies and the Risks and Barriers towards adoption. 12 Evaluation of Opportunities for Converting Indigenous UK Wastes to Fuels and Energy AEA/ED45551/Issue 1 Colour of red, yellow or green signifies the risk status of the technology: red is high risk, yellow is medium risk and green is low risk. Risks Technology Technical Social and Planning Financial Regulatory Mechanical and Biological Treatment (MBT) Mechanical and Heat Treatment (MHT) Low Medium Not as divisive as an incinerator but still subject of concern as a waste technology. High Demonstration projects only at present. Combustion Low to medium Many commercial installations, however the materials handling aspects have proved troublesome in the UK and there is a lack of experience. Agricultural residues and poor quality wood fuels may give high ash contents that lead to problems with boiler fouling. Wastes regulated under WID will need extensive emissions monitoring equipment. Medium Not as divisive as an incinerator but still subject of concern as a waste technology. High High where used to produce electricity on a regional basis as it will be perceived as an incinerator irrespective of its efficiency or recycling credentials Medium Requires revenue from sale of fuel but market not well established. Fuel is still classed as a waste which may give problems with sale and use, and hence price. Standards and agreed specifications are needed to make the fuel product a traded commodity. Medium Requires revenue from sale of fuel but market not well established. Fuel is still classed as a waste which may give problems with sale and use, and hence price. Standards and agreed specifications are needed to make the fuel product a traded commodity. Medium Track record of delays in planning for waste projects are a disincentive. Wood and agricultural residues are normally OK in normal circumstances Medium Fuel is still classed as a waste which may give problems with sale and use, and hence price. The legal status needs to be clarified. Standards would help to clarify definitions. Medium Fuel is still classed as a waste which may give problems with sale and use hence a reduced price. The legal status needs to be clarified. Standards would help to clarify definitions. Medium Receives subsidy via the Renewables Obligation. Waste incineration directive compliance is usually necessary. Co-firing waste in a utility boiler is difficult as it would require the reclassification of the whole station as an incinerator Fly ash may contain dioxin and be classed as hazardous waste.
Evaluation of Opportunities for Converting Indigenous UK Wastes to Fuels and Energy AEA/ED45551/Issue 1 Technology Technical Risks Social and Planning Financial Regulatory Anaerobic Digestion Low Medium Low Medium Established mature technology with Not as divisive as an Receives subsidy via the operating commercial plant in incinerator but transport of Renewables Obligation at an existence. slurries in rural areas is a enhanced rate of 2 ROCs under Limited experience in UK. Recent major issue and focus for the banding arrangements. incentives may stretch UK suppliers. opposition, as may be large Policy may change under Poor reputation from Holsworthy scale transport of food wastes. installations lifetime although experience. current practice is to maintain Sensitive to feedstock composition, the financial position of existing can be poisoned by trace elements. plant. The installation is classed as a waste management operation and subject to regulation as such which brings additional costs and responsibility. Digestate disposal is an important consideration and a change of rules could materially affect the operating costs of the installation or even prevent operation. Hydrolysis High Medium High Medium The technology remains innovative Process should be no more The combination of Would require additional with only small demonstration and difficult to implement than a expensive processing and the subsidy from Renewable pilot projects built so far. biomass power plant. need for good quality transport fuels obligation. Feedstocks are currently limited to feedstock means that product clean wood and agricultural will be more expensive than residues. Contamination from other imported ethanol for some sources could damage fermentation time. This may make it process. unsuitable for use in the UK. Gasification High Medium High Medium Local Very few operating commercial plant Likely to be located on an Poor track record of for power or CHP. Significant residual risk in gas cleaning for power production. industrial site where impacts can be minimised. gasification technologies. Receives subsidy via the Renewables Obligation. 13 Status of ash product is unclear under Waste Incineration Directive due to high carbon content.
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South East 327 - - 55% of MSW by 20
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Appendix 3 MBT Methods Specific in
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Figure 27 Orchid Environmental proc
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