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70 Evaluation of Opportunities for Converting Indigenous UK Wastes to Wastes and Energy AEA/ED45551/Issue 1 exceeded. 110 Waste wood could potentially become a valuable energy resource, but the market lacks tight specifications for the quality of wood sourced. 111 One of the main barriers to utilisation of this resource is that the types and volumes of waste wood are largely unknown. 112,113 Treated and post-consumer waste wood is generated from a number of different sources: 112 • Municipal solid waste (all waste collected under local authority contracts) • Industrial wood processing (such as furniture manufacture, including kitchen, office, exhibition or shop fitting furniture), • Industrial waste, • Commercial and business waste (e.g. from refurbishment), • Construction and demolition waste and • Packaging and pallets. Data sources The data used to compile this chapter is taken from sources such as Defra, the Environment Agency and WRAP (Waste and Resource Action Programme), in particular the 2005 WRAP report by Nikitas et al. which was identified as the most authoritative work to date, and reviews and ranks all previous sources. These comprehensive reviews and surveys of specific sectors have been used and extrapolated from to generate a picture for regions of the UK. This method provides estimates but there is a danger in putting too much reliance on it – there are big uncertainties and there are also likely to be large variations with time, depending on economic activity, particularly if large companies leave the UK or change their business. Packaging waste does not come under any specific waste stream and so is covered briefly in Box 1. Box 1. Packaging waste Packaging waste is not a specific waste stream, but arises from municipal, commercial, industrial and construction waste streams. The most significant type of waste wood arisings are those from pallets, but in addition packaging waste wood is also generated from cases, boxes, crates, cable drums, casks and barrels. All of these categories are largely made from softwood. Waste wood from packaging in the commercial and industrial sector was estimated to generate arisings of nearly 900,000 tonnes in 1998. Important quantities of packaging waste are also believed to arise on construction sites. Data on wood packaging waste across the different waste streams is available from Timcon (Timber Packaging and Pallet Confederation). The estimated total tonnage in the UK for 2004 was about 1.4 million tonnes in 2004. However, this data is taken from Prodcom, based on survey samples of UK manufacturers, and presumably importers and exporters. Timcon’s view is that this data is of poor quality. 110 The potential use of waste wood in the North East as an efficient biomass fuel source , K Coombs, http://www.northwoods.org.uk/files/northwoods/publications/Northwoods_WasteWoodFuelSource.pdf 111 The environmental regulation of wood, Environment Agency, http://www.environmentagency.gov.uk/static/documents/Business/ps005_2077240.pdf 112 Review of wood waste arisings and management in the UK, 2005, Nikitas et al, Published by WRAP. 113 ‘Waste wood as a Biomass Fuel’ – Defra, April 2008, ‘UK Biomass Strategy’ – Defra, May 2007
Evaluation of Opportunities for Converting Indigenous UK Wastes to Wastes and Energy AEA/ED45551/Issue 1 5.1.1 Municipal Wood Waste Municipal wood waste comprises of disposal by households; for example, furniture, fencing, decking, wood cuts from DIY, garden wastes and wood packaging. Wood waste from the municipal stream is usually mixed with other waste and rarely available as a clean source. It would need to be separated, cleaned and processed before it would form a useful wood fuel source, unless it goes to mass burn incineration. Estimation of waste wood in the municipal waste stream is difficult as the data represents all household waste and rarely specifies the quantities of specific fractions. However a number of compositional studies have been performed and are used below. Current Arisings Considering the available compositional data for MSW waste streams in 2005, the estimate percentages shown in Table 33 were established. Table 33 Waste wood and furniture waste as a percentage of MSW waste streams Household Collection Bulky waste collections Civic Amenity Site waste Waste wood Furniture 1.11% (Wales) 1.91% (rest of UK) 0.06% (Wales) 0.18% (rest of UK) 6.03% 37% 12.53% (Wales) 9.05% (rest of UK) 5.86% (Wales) 4.3% (rest of UK) Collection round nonhousehold waste 0.6% 0% Applying these percentages to the most recent overall tonnages for MSW in the English Regions, Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland to provide an estimate for the waste wood arising in tonnes (and where possible values for English regions) yielded the following results: 114 Table 34 Estimate of wood content of MSW in the UK for 2003/4, excluding furniture Wood Arisings (‘000 tonnes) Waste Stream England Northern Ireland Scotland Wales UK Household Collection 356 12 38 12 418 (39%) Bulky Collections 37 1 7 2 47 (4%) Civic Amenity 498 23 37 13 572 (54%) Non Household Collection 22 0 3 2 27 (3%) Total Wood in MSW 913 37 85 29 1,065 Clearly the dominant source of municipal wood is the Civic Amenity Sites, which in 2003/4 accounted for over half of the arisings, due to the presence of garden waste at CA sites. Furniture in Municipal Waste It has not been possible to identify a suitable percentage for wood composition for furniture in the MSW waste stream. The figures below also include coverings, surface treatments and glass. 114 More up to date data is of MSW arising is available, however not in the detailed waste streams within MSW required for the calculation here. 71
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South East 327 - - 55% of MSW by 20
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Appendix 3 MBT Methods Specific in
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Figure 27 Orchid Environmental proc
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