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154 Evaluation of Opportunities for Converting Indigenous UK Wastes to Wastes and Energy AEA/ED45551/Issue 1 Table 80 Risks and barriers associated with Gasification Local Scale Level of Risk Comment Technical High Very few operating commercial plant for power or CHP. Significant residual risk in gas cleaning for power production. Social & Planning Medium Likely to be located on an industrial site where impacts can be minimised. Financial High Poor track record of gasification technologies Regulatory Medium Receives subsidy via the Renewables Obligation. Status of ash product is unclear under Waste Incineration Directive due to high carbon content Regional scale Level of Risk Comment Technical High Very few operating commercial plant for power or CHP. Significant residual risk in gas cleaning for power production. Substantially lower risk for gas combustion in boilers and process units. Social & Planning High High where process is used to produce electricity on a regional basis as it will be perceived as an untried form of incinerator. Financial High Poor track record of gasification technologies. Regulatory Medium Receives subsidy via the Renewables Obligation. Status of ash product is unclear under Waste Incineration Directive due to high carbon content. National scale Level of Risk Comment Technical Medium Little experience of biomass gasification for this application but substantial coal experience. Closely allied to refinery practice. Social & Planning Low Low for syn gas production at large scale on a petrochemical complex. Financial Medium Poor track record of gasification technologies but developers are likely to be substantial and have track record of delivery. Regulatory Medium Receives subsidy via the Renewable transport fuels obligation. Risk for change in long lead time for build.
Evaluation of Opportunities for Converting Indigenous UK Wastes to Wastes and Energy AEA/ED45551/Issue 1 10.1.2 Examples of gasification of MSW in the UK Gasification The Energos gasifier in Newport on the Isle of Wight began processing waste in mid 2008, the first example in the UK, and part of Defra’s New Technologies Demonstrator Programme. 285 It will potentially consume 30,000 tonnes per annum of floc: an SRF baled fuel comprised of waste paper, plastic and packaging sorted from MSW. It is estimated to have a calorific content of 11-14MJ/kg. The gasification process used is a two-stage process where first the floc fuel is burnt in oxygen depleted conditions such that a gas is created. This is then transferred to an oxidation chamber where it is fully oxidised in a controlled environment. The resulting heat from the flue gases is recovered and used to generate electricity. It is expected that the site will produce 2.3MW of electricity, and be able to deliver 1.8MW to the community for use. Scotgen is part way through the construction of 40,000 tonne per annum gasification plant at Dargavel, near Dumfries. The site was due to open in March, with commissioning expected to begin in November of this year. The anticipated electrical output is 6 MW. 286 A further gasification site is proposed at Derbyshire, UK, capable of generating 8MW of electricity through the processing of 140,000 tonnes of waste. This is joint venture between United Utilities and Interserve using Energos technology. Plasma Gasification Enviroparks Ltd, an energy company based in South Wales, have announced plans to build a number of waste treatment centres in the UK, each incorporating a plasma gasifier. The first identified site is to be at Hirwaun in Wales, and will incorporate six separate processes including recycling, material recovery and AD to treat the majority of the waste, with plasma gasification used for the residual components. It is intended that the site will process municipal and light industrial waste, converting the residual waste to an estimated 120,000MW of electricity through generation of a BioSynGas, refined through the use of plasma torches, which will then be used to drive a gas turbine potentially achieving efficiencies of electricity generation of 40%. This site intends to use the GHO-Power technology. The first of four announced sites to use GHO-Power technology from French company EuroPlasma, is at Morcenx in France, a 12MW power plant that will use 55,000 tonnes of general industrial waste per annum. Construction began in late 2008, and the site is intended to be operational in January 2010. 10.1.3 Examples of gasification of waste wood in the UK A downdraft Gasifier plant in Tunstall, Stoke-on-Trent has been developed by Biomass Engineering Ltd and owned by O-Gen to utilise waste wood in combination with forestry wood and energy crops, intended to begin operation in 2007 and generate 8 MW of electricity. The systems uses a three-stage process, requiring fuel preparation (size and moisture), wood gasification and finally power and heat generation through combustion of the gases produced. 287 Another gasifier site, built by Biomass Engineering Ltd, that makes use of clean waste wood is located at Mossborough Hall in Merseyside. It is capable of generating 250kW of electricity and was connected to the grid in 2005. 288 285 Defra Factsheet, Waste Gas Technology UK Limited (WGT), http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/waste/wip/newtech/demprogramme/pdf/Energos.pdf 286 Scotgen, http://www.scotgenltd.co.uk/ 287 O-Gen’s First Timber Resource Recovery Centre, 13/09/07, http://www.biomass.uk.com/case-study-article.php?id=172 288 Green Energy UK Newsletter, 2005, Mossborough Hall. 155
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