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120<br />
Evaluation of Opportunities for Converting Indigenous UK Wastes <strong>to</strong> Wastes and Energy<br />
AEA/ED45551/Issue 1<br />
Table 60 Burning Poultry Litter <strong>to</strong> Generate Energy<br />
Site and<br />
Opera<strong>to</strong>r<br />
Thetford,<br />
EPRL<br />
Westfield,<br />
EPRL<br />
Location Quantity of<br />
Poultry<br />
Litter (t/yr)<br />
Generation<br />
Capacity<br />
Operational<br />
Norfolk 420,000 38.5 MW 1998 The largest<br />
poultry litter<br />
fuelled plant<br />
in <strong>the</strong> world.<br />
Fife 110,000 10 MW 2000 Uses a<br />
bubbling<br />
fluidised bed<br />
combustion<br />
system.<br />
Eye, EPRL Suffolk 140,000<br />
Plant also<br />
burns horse<br />
bedding and<br />
fea<strong>the</strong>rs<br />
It cost £22<br />
million <strong>to</strong><br />
develop and<br />
implement.<br />
12.7 MW 1992 The world’s<br />
first poultry<br />
litter fuelled<br />
plant.<br />
More than 650,000 <strong>to</strong>nnes of poultry litter are committed <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> three EPRL (Energy Power Resources<br />
Ltd) plants. Significantly EPRL has contracts with <strong>the</strong> all of <strong>the</strong> largest commercial poultry farmers so it is<br />
likely that <strong>the</strong> remaining resource will be more difficult <strong>to</strong> collect and use. Never<strong>the</strong>less it is estimated that<br />
around 80% of <strong>the</strong> poultry litter in <strong>the</strong> UK could be available for energy plants, <strong>to</strong>talling 3.33 million <strong>to</strong>nnes<br />
(using <strong>the</strong> figures generated in Section 4.5), potentially with an energy content of 30 million GJ.<br />
This resource is available “free”. It is a waste with considerable disposal problems and <strong>the</strong> farmers need<br />
<strong>to</strong> get rid of it. However, EPRL pay <strong>the</strong> farmers £10/odt in order <strong>to</strong> ensure a secure supply of good quality<br />
fuel for <strong>the</strong>ir plants.<br />
Applications so far have all been for large scale power generation due <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> difficult nature of <strong>the</strong> fuel<br />
that demands economy of scale <strong>to</strong> be economic. A project at <strong>the</strong> University of Manchester, supported <strong>by</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> Carbon Trust and Keld Energy, is working <strong>to</strong> develop a small-scale power plant, 200kW,that uses a<br />
fluid bed gasifier capable of converting biomass in<strong>to</strong> combustible gas connected <strong>to</strong> a small gas turbine.<br />
Such a system would provide heat <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> poultry farm, electricity <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> surrounding community, and<br />
provide a bio-secure disposal route for <strong>the</strong> poultry litter. 220<br />
As discussed above agricultural residues have a wide range of composition and properties that often<br />
result in reduced performance and operating difficulties. However <strong>the</strong>y have <strong>the</strong> overwhelming<br />
advantages of being cheap and available. Engineers <strong>the</strong>refore develop robust solutions <strong>to</strong> access <strong>the</strong><br />
profit that can be generated from <strong>the</strong>se feeds<strong>to</strong>cks. We give below some examples of how problems<br />
have been addressed worldwide. In addition a recent patent issued in <strong>the</strong> USA discusses a pyrolysis<br />
method of obtaining energy from poultry litter. 221 We are aware anecdotally of o<strong>the</strong>r gasification concepts<br />
<strong>to</strong> treat poultry litter but no examples of operating plant.<br />
220 The University of Manchester, http://www.manchester.ac.uk/aboutus/news/archive/list/item/?id=3177&year=2007&month=10<br />
221 Thermochemical Method for Conversion of Poultry Litter, US2009031616 (A1), 05.02.2009.