Translating Nouzha Fassi Fihri's La Baroudeuse: A Case Study in ...

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elides differences of class, gender, race, and origin, and indirectly demands equal consideration and respect for all. The author also challenges binary concepts such as individual versus collective and internal versus external using stream-of-consciousness and indeterminacy of speakers in dialogue. In certain passages, the reader cannot determine who is speaking, and boundaries between thought and speech blur. When Moulay Ali, Kenza and Sharif sit down for breakfast on the morning of Moulay Ali's arrival, Sharif initiates a dialogue in which the reader subsequently cannot know who is saying what (17-19). In the following passage, Kenza's thoughts reported in free indirect style flow into internal monologue and speech reported directly but without quotation marks. Elle se rappelait comment on avait pris dans le tas un nombre impressionnant de citoyens qu'on avait exécutés froidement, pour l'exemple, ce qui avait refroidi les ardeurs. En serait-il de même aujourd'hui? L'ennemi opérerait-il encore une fois dans l'impunité? Toute cette fougue, cette assurance, cette foi dans la légitimité des revendications, capituleraient-elles devant la force déployée par l'adversaire? Elle pria de tous son coeur pour que ses concitoyens sachent résister. Hélas, se dit-elle encore, des batteries sont braquées sur notre cité depuis hier. Elles n'attendent que l'ordre du haut commandement pour envoyer sur la ville une pluie de feu et semer la mort et la destruction. Vat-on craindre pour les vestiges d'une civilisation séculaire? (. . . ) Non, jamais! (112). She remembered how an impressive number of citizens had been pulled from the crowd and coldly executed, as an example. That had cooled the protesters' passions. Would it be the same today? Would the enemy act with impunity again? All this determination, this conviction, this belief in the legitimacy of the demands, would it all surrender to the enemy's strength? She prayed with all her heart that her fellow citizens would be able to stand up against it. Alas, she told herself, since yesterday, guns are set to fire on our city, just waiting for an order to rain fire, death and destruction on us. Will we hesitate for fear of destroying the remains of an ancient civilization? (. . .) No, never! 11
The shifts from past to future tense, from third to first person, and from statement to question and exclamation provide grammatical markers of the move from reported thought to stream-of-consciousness. The author, however, chose not to use quotation marks to distinguish the voice of the narrator from the thoughts of the protagonist, a decision that has the effect of making the reader hear these thoughts as though they issued from the reader's mind. This technique challenges the binary representations of thought as either interior or verbalized, and of ideas and words as attributable to the author or the character. La Baroudeuse offers complex re-readings of Moroccan culture that complicate the ideas of history, class, and gender in the political and domestic world of mid-century Morocco. This post-colonial narrative tends to subvert the power structure of language and culture relationships. It offers the non-Arabic speaking reader the role of a visitor in this foreign context, obliged to translate words and cope with cognitive gaps. The tensions inherent in the experience of reading a post-colonial narrative call on the translator to recognize and respect these effects and decide to what extent to duplicate or domesticate them in the translation. To find answers to this fundamental dilemma of post-colonial translation, I spoke with the author, read other translations of postcolonial narratives by Muslim Arab women, corresponded with other translators, and received comments on the translation from readers. 12
Page 1 and 2: Copyright by Jean Laurie Love El Ha
Page 3 and 4: Translating Nouzha Fassi Fihri's La
Page 5 and 6: Acknowledgements I sincerely thank
Page 7 and 8: complete, final version of "The Fig
Page 9 and 10: Chapter Four: The Fighter..........
Page 11 and 12: challenged and reformed in ways tha
Page 13 and 14: night. She plans and carries out hi
Page 15 and 16: soumis, de bien bon, de bien con" [
Page 17 and 18: Unlike her daughters who submit to
Page 19: Les fleurs, comme une fantaisie de
Page 23 and 24: it rather than through the bias of
Page 25 and 26: Arab women, few have more precise i
Page 27 and 28: in our audiences, the novel and the
Page 29 and 30: Fassi Fihri was in a position to ra
Page 31 and 32: and in these cases the translator t
Page 33 and 34: 2002 edition of The American Herita
Page 35 and 36: nonetheless an outsider whose persp
Page 37 and 38: emphasizes universally recognizable
Page 39 and 40: questions of translation approach a
Page 41 and 42: Translators Analysis of these trans
Page 43 and 44: To find out more about how these tr
Page 45 and 46: sentences" and to recreate the aest
Page 47 and 48: She further explains that "people w
Page 49 and 50: paratextual explanations has change
Page 51 and 52: participated intellectually in poli
Page 53 and 54: community. Having the characters--m
Page 55 and 56: If you were a ring, my finger would
Page 57 and 58: Arrivée face à sa nièce, elle ta
Page 59 and 60: Chapter Two: A Critical Analysis of
Page 61 and 62: eaders' expectations, thereby augme
Page 63 and 64: Theorists such as Edward Said and M
Page 65 and 66: translation. However, in accordance
Page 67 and 68: attitude toward the original author
Page 69 and 70: the target audience and its expecta
Page 71 and 72:
literature tends to reflect the cul
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Alternate solutions were judged and
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Others, however, deplore the effect
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This translation sought to challeng
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influence. The language, cultural c
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in with the literary traditions of
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QUANTITATIVE VARIATION ANALYSIS Alt
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tolerance and moderation. This pass
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media. Consequently, most Anglophon
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CONSTRAINTS ON NOVELISTIC PROSE The
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family union through new blood ties
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original journalistic tone was main
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14 o: Les persiennes laissaient dev
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special occasions; when the cooking
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variation in the treatment of trans
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The culturally specific exclamation
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en cadeau à sa fille pour une prem
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translator's perception and applica
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" . . . and chickens with almonds--
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patios, polish the tea trays, and s
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They were children, and they remain
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ut he was more so, and he had total
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The three old people raised their h
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Mina, his younger sister, intervene
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He was already there, sitting on th
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She ran away from home one morning,
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"Let's not get upset," he intervene
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Sometimes her mother came to visit,
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sharif, in spite of his material po
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"I was on a business trip in Madrid
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ambergris, your smile sweet as a su
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eliefs, and trampled our traditions
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eturn. Most of them only knew of hi
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In the side alleyways, one could se
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lack ears," as they called the Sene
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"What's new?" Sharif asked the arti
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him with a pumice stone, anoint him
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Kenza had inherited her father's ga
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Oh, rosy cheeks, red rose of Sidjil
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Kenza contemplated her girls for wh
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The family gathered around a cousco
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"We'll force them!" "We are a free
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future. But can you prevent the you
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Tayeb, was under house arrest and f
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mules loaded with produce were turn
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one another on makeshift platforms,
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these young men as solid as rock. I
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nonexistence? The suicide of dreams
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He began to decipher the sky for he
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violence. They were peaceable citiz
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temper. The neighbor men and women
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Carrying his slippers--he wanted to
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Great," which Sharif took as a welc
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obstinate character. She is stubbor
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Who was this hero who came so late
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humanity. It is the third monotheis
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egular army. We simply meant to sho
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drowned in the gurgle of the wall f
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man had come. They went down slopin
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Walking around the exposed bodies,
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"'France was no longer the invincib
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Finally, they saw a faint light and
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looking like scarecrows set up to k
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with suddenly dies, you get caught
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"Now he is dead, and I still have t
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athes and warms new chicks. So I be
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You have left me like one who cooks
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the men who stood there looking at
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Another used a ladle to fill bucket
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"exclude them from their own cultur
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They were still forced to help him,
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they neglected their old father. He
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wondering eyes of a dada who was ba
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Their love was not guilty. They lov
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acelets of the leader.' I even had
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"I want her to be free like the ant
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adolescents. Lalla Kenza's father h
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Never had anyone seen a vicarious p
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The two women went forward, one wit
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When questioned, the woman who was
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Then he reached out and grabbed the
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Her dada held a silver platter with
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to rest his head on his beloved's c
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"He who claims to be strong dies of
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slave who still has tree bark stuck
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"It has not satisfied my thirst!" "
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people, so vulnerable and ancient,
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"Don't worry about it. I had my sha
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conjures images, brings them alive
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The young men arrived exhausted and
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calculations. However, the revenue
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Everything went as she had wished.
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ut beneath her nobly arched forehea
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Kenza left the world and its confli
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Fassi Native of Fez. Filali A famil
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Traditions of the Prophet Refers to
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Oui, l'histoire de Le Ressac, l'his
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littérature et de la poésie en pa
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the household. She is a second moth
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Appendix B: Marjolijn de Jager's e-
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that right. I wanted it to be a kin
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Appendix D: Catherine Cobham's e-ma
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Appendix E: Marilyn Booth's e-mail
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the most important aspect or result
Page 279 and 280:
References Abouzeid, Leila. Year of
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Johnson-Davies, Denys. E-mail to th
Page 283 and 284:
Walker, Alice. The Color Purple. Sa
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