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Durative constructions with bezig zijn te or bezig zijn met A third durative construction consists of the word bezig combined with the verb zijn and te. As in the first example, separable verbs must be separated by te in this construction. For many cases, an alternative form is bezig zijn combined with the preposition met and a nominalized verb or a noun. Examples for both: Sanne is bezig af te wassen. Sanne is doing the dishes. Alternatives: Sanne is bezig met afwassen. Sanne is bezig met de afwas. Erik is bezig de kaart te lezen. Erik is reading the map. Alternatives: Erik is bezig met kaartlezen. Erik is bezig met de kaart. Note: The word bezig in Dutch is not an exact equivalent for English ‘busy’ even though the two words sound so similar. English ‘busy’ should be translated as follows: ‘I’m busy’ Ik heb het druk (alternatively Ik ben druk met ...), ‘a busy street’ een drukke straat, ‘the shop is busy’ het is druk in de winkel. However, the expression Ik ben (even) bezig is often used to say that one cannot be interrupted because one is busy doing something at the moment. To use this durative construction in the past, you can use the simple past (example 1) as well as the present perfect (example 2), for the verbal (examples 1, 2) as well as the nominal (examples 3, 4) version. Examples: 1 Erik was de hele dag bezig de zolder op te ruimen. Erik spent the whole day cleaning up the attic. 2 Erik is de hele dag bezig geweest de zolder op te ruimen. 3 Erik was de hele dag op zolder met opruimen bezig. 4 Erik is de hele dag op zolder met opruimen bezig geweest. Word order in durative constructions In each of the durative constructions, the infinitive of the verb expressing the action or activity will always be at the end. Other additions to the sentences will follow the rules as described in Unit 23 of Basic Dutch. Examples: Durative constructions with bezig zijn te or bezig zijn met 93
13 Durative constructions 94 Ik ben nu in de kamer een boek aan het lezen. I am now reading a book in the living room. Ik zit nu in de kamer een boek te lezen. There is a little more flexibility in the construction with bezig zijn te. Examples: Ik ben nu bezig boven de badkamer schoon te maken. I am now busy cleaning the bathroom upstairs. Ik ben nu boven bezig de badkamer schoon te maken. Exercise 13.1 What are these persons doing? Use sentences with zitten, liggen, staan + te. 1 ________ 2 ________ 3 ________ 4 ________ Exercise 13.2 Rewrite the sentence using a durative construction with zitten, liggen, lopen, staan + te.
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INTERMEDIATE DUTCH: A GRAMMAR AND W
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INTERMEDIATE DUTCH: A GRAMMAR AND W
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CONTENTS Preface vii 1 Conjunctions
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PREFACE This book is an intermediat
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UNIT ONE Conjunctions Introduction
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Section 2: Subordinating conjunctio
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The action or event of a sentence w
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voorzichtig en langzaam rijden. Hij
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Peters toekomst: Ik wil èn een int
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Exercise 1.4 Fill in the correct co
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Exercise 1.8 Speaking exercise. Wha
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they usually follow the verb, but t
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De trein was te laat. Dus kwam ik t
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Ik kan niet komen, ik heb te veel h
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5 Het regende op Sylvia’s bruilof
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The suffix -ing is used to form nou
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Other common suffixes for the forma
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A special category in this group ar
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Exercise 3.5 Underline the compound
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Participles The past participle and
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-lijk zakelijk businesslike, fatsoe
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combination hoe...hoe...can also be
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Exercise 4.3 Look at the data and c
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UNIT FIVE Possessives Introduction
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Examples: Wiens koffie is dit? Whos
Page 52 and 53: 3 Erik: Onze hond is lui. Is (yours
Page 54 and 55: UNIT SIX Indefinite pronouns Introd
Page 56 and 57: Men bouwt hier een nieuw winkelcent
Page 58 and 59: In the singular, the pronoun al is
Page 60 and 61: De kinderen krijgen allemaal een ap
Page 62 and 63: 5a Peter: Ik zoek ______ voor m’n
Page 64 and 65: UNIT SEVEN The pronouns zich, zelf
Page 66 and 67: The unstressed forms we and ze are
Page 68 and 69: Exercise 7.2 Fill in the blanks wit
Page 70 and 71: Zulk The pronoun zulk ‘such’ is
Page 72 and 73: Exercise 8.3 Speaking exercise. Cho
Page 74 and 75: 1 Erik komt niet. Erik isn’t comi
Page 76 and 77: Ik hoop niet dat het gaat regenen.
Page 78 and 79: Exercise 9.4 Give a negative answer
Page 80 and 81: met Wat doe je met een pen? Ik schr
Page 82 and 83: When used in a main sentence to ref
Page 84 and 85: (1) Erik en Sanne zijn een week naa
Page 86 and 87: UNIT ELEVEN Pronominal adverbs Intr
Page 88 and 89: 5 Praat Erik vaak over politiek? Ne
Page 90 and 91: Waar ga je naartoe? Waar ga je heen
Page 92 and 93: 4 Linda: Ja, ________ Sanne: Ik ben
Page 94 and 95: Often, you will see the verb zetten
Page 96 and 97: How to use these verbs for people r
Page 98 and 99: 3 Sanne legt/stopt/zet de was in de
Page 100 and 101: Peter zit een essay te schrijven. K
Page 104 and 105: 1 Erik zit op de bank en hij leest
Page 106 and 107: Ik zag patat etende mensen op straa
Page 108 and 109: Exercise 14.1 Change the relative s
Page 110 and 111: UNIT FIFTEEN Talking about the futu
Page 112 and 113: Exercise 15.1 Write the sentences o
Page 114 and 115: UNIT SIXTEEN Separable and insepara
Page 116 and 117: Erik zegt dat hij en Sanne zaterdag
Page 118 and 119: Subordinated sentence: Sanne dacht,
Page 120 and 121: Exercise 16.1 Put the sentences int
Page 122 and 123: UNIT SEVENTEEN Relative clauses Int
Page 124 and 125: Wie without antecedent Sometimes, t
Page 126 and 127: 3 Kijk, op deze foto zie je mijn vr
Page 128 and 129: Exercise 17.1 Enter the correct rel
Page 130 and 131: UNIT EIGHTEEN Indirect speech Intro
Page 132 and 133: A few notes on word order in indire
Page 134 and 135: Exercise 18.3 Speaking exercise. Si
Page 136 and 137: From the speaker’s perspective, a
Page 138 and 139: Als ik geld had gehad, dan zou ik d
Page 140 and 141: Erik: Het zou me niet verbazen. I w
Page 142 and 143: UNIT TWENTY The passive Introductio
Page 144 and 145: The passive without emphasis on the
Page 146 and 147: Het dak zal niet meer gerepareerd k
Page 148 and 149: Exercise 20.2 As mentioned before,
Page 150 and 151: Example: glas in de voordeur - brek
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Erik heeft niet kunnen komen. Erik
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We zouden kunnen gaan vissen. We co
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Exercise 21.2 Put the sentences int
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Personal pronouns werken rijden ik,
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Before Erik went to study in Gronin
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a Ik heb in Groningen gestudeerd. b
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of the sentence takes place in the
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1 Eerst las ik m’n email. Toen gi
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in berusten in acquiesce in delen i
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uit van De dief werd tot twee jaar
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Daar neem ik geen genoegen mee. I
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UNIT TWENTY-FOUR Word order Introdu
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Subject Verb Subject Middle Verb gr
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For more examples of word order wit
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2 Hij komt op tijd op z’n werk, h
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APPENDIX Strong and irregular verbs
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smelten smolt gesmolten melt treffe
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schijnen scheen geschenen shine, ap
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KEY TO EXERCISES Unit 1 Exercise 1.
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Unit 3 Exercise 3.1 1 kinderschoene
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Exercise 6.2 1 je, je. 2 Ze. 3 je,
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met die wiskundeopgave kan helpen.
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Exercise 11.5 1 Nee, daar heb ik oo
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Unit 15 Exercise 15.1 1 Woensdagavo
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Exercise 17.3 1...waarmee je kunt s
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Exercise 19.5 1 Zou je mijn planten
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Unit 22 Exercise 22.1 1 b. 2 b. 3 a
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INDEX Page numbers in bold refer to
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echter 17 -e/-en/-er in noun deriva
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objects see also object forms and a
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conjunctions/conjunctional adverbs
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