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UNIT ELEVEN Pronominal adverbs Introduction Pronominal adverbs are used to refer to things when the verb or the object in the sentence take a preposition. The question “Do you ever think about the future?” could be answered: “Yes, I think about it a lot”, or “No, that I never think about”. When we use a preposition in English with unemphasized ‘it’ or emphasized ‘this’ or ‘that’, in Dutch we use a pronominal adverb beginning with er, daar or hier. Some examples Denk je aan je medicijnen? Ja, ik zal eraan denken. Remember your medication. Yes, I’ll remember it. Heb je over dat ongeluk gelezen? Ja, ik heb erover gelezen. Did you read about that accident? Yes, I read about it. Wilt u een stuk van deze kaas? Ja, ik wil hier wel een stuk van. Would you like a piece of this cheese? Yes, I’d like a piece of this. Kijk je wel eens naar “Jeopardy”? Nee zeg, daar kijk ik niet naar. Do you ever watch Jeopardy? Geez no, that I never watch. Pronominal adverbs in questions When used in questions, the combination wat + preposition is changed into waar + preposition. Examples: Waarover praten jullie? What are you talking about? We praten over politiek. We are talking about politics. Waartegen protesteren die mensen? What are those people protesting against? Ze protesteren tegen kernenergie. They are protesting against nuclear power. 77
11 Pronominal adverbs 78 Note: When used in longer sentences, we commonly find the pronominal adverbs separated, especially in speech. Separating elements can be adverbial expressions of time, of place, negation, also direct or indirect objects, and so on. Examples: Waar praten jullie over? We praten over politiek. Waar protesteren die mensen tegen? Ze protesteren tegen kernenergie. Heb je over dat ongeluk gelezen? Ja, ik heb er in de krant over gelezen. Denk je aan je medicijnen? Nee, daar denk ik liever niet aan. There are some cases in which separation of the pronominal adverb is mandatory: • In a fixed combination of adjective, linking verb, and preposition: bang zijn voor ‘to be afraid of ’, dol zijn op ‘to be crazy about’, tevreden zijn met ‘to be satisfied with’. Ben je bang voor honden? Ja, ik ben er bang voor. Are you afraid of dogs? Yes, I’m afraid of them. Is Jan tevreden met zijn baan? Ja, hij is er heel tevreden mee. Is Jan satisfied with his job? Yes, he is very satisfied with it. • When the middle part of the sentence contains an adverbial phrase, the pronominal adverb must be separated. Unemphasized er follows the conjugated verb or the subject when this follows the verb (examples 1 and 2), and the preposition goes to the end of the sentence. If the sentence contains another verb form or verb group at the end, it will be preceded by the preposition (examples 3 and 4). In a subordinated sentence, er follows directly behind the subject, and the preposition is placed right before the verb forms at the end of the sentence (examples 5 and 6). 1 Praat Erik over politiek? Nee, hij praat er bijna nooit over. Does Erik talk about politics? No, he almost never talks about it. 2 Praat Erik over politiek? Nee, volgens mij praat hij er bijna nooit over. Does Erik talk about politics? No, I think he almost never talks about it. 3 Heb je veel aan je nieuwe huis gedacht? Ja, ik heb er gisteren de hele dag aan gedacht. Did you think about your new house a lot? Yes, I thought about it the entire day yesterday. 4 Denk je aan je medicijnen? Nee, ik wil er liever niet aan denken. Are you thinking about your medication? No, I’d rather not think about it.
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INTERMEDIATE DUTCH: A GRAMMAR AND W
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INTERMEDIATE DUTCH: A GRAMMAR AND W
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CONTENTS Preface vii 1 Conjunctions
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PREFACE This book is an intermediat
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UNIT ONE Conjunctions Introduction
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Section 2: Subordinating conjunctio
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The action or event of a sentence w
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voorzichtig en langzaam rijden. Hij
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Peters toekomst: Ik wil èn een int
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Exercise 1.4 Fill in the correct co
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Exercise 1.8 Speaking exercise. Wha
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they usually follow the verb, but t
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De trein was te laat. Dus kwam ik t
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Ik kan niet komen, ik heb te veel h
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5 Het regende op Sylvia’s bruilof
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The suffix -ing is used to form nou
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Other common suffixes for the forma
Page 36 and 37: A special category in this group ar
Page 38 and 39: Exercise 3.5 Underline the compound
Page 40 and 41: Participles The past participle and
Page 42 and 43: -lijk zakelijk businesslike, fatsoe
Page 44 and 45: combination hoe...hoe...can also be
Page 46 and 47: Exercise 4.3 Look at the data and c
Page 48 and 49: UNIT FIVE Possessives Introduction
Page 50 and 51: Examples: Wiens koffie is dit? Whos
Page 52 and 53: 3 Erik: Onze hond is lui. Is (yours
Page 54 and 55: UNIT SIX Indefinite pronouns Introd
Page 56 and 57: Men bouwt hier een nieuw winkelcent
Page 58 and 59: In the singular, the pronoun al is
Page 60 and 61: De kinderen krijgen allemaal een ap
Page 62 and 63: 5a Peter: Ik zoek ______ voor m’n
Page 64 and 65: UNIT SEVEN The pronouns zich, zelf
Page 66 and 67: The unstressed forms we and ze are
Page 68 and 69: Exercise 7.2 Fill in the blanks wit
Page 70 and 71: Zulk The pronoun zulk ‘such’ is
Page 72 and 73: Exercise 8.3 Speaking exercise. Cho
Page 74 and 75: 1 Erik komt niet. Erik isn’t comi
Page 76 and 77: Ik hoop niet dat het gaat regenen.
Page 78 and 79: Exercise 9.4 Give a negative answer
Page 80 and 81: met Wat doe je met een pen? Ik schr
Page 82 and 83: When used in a main sentence to ref
Page 84 and 85: (1) Erik en Sanne zijn een week naa
Page 88 and 89: 5 Praat Erik vaak over politiek? Ne
Page 90 and 91: Waar ga je naartoe? Waar ga je heen
Page 92 and 93: 4 Linda: Ja, ________ Sanne: Ik ben
Page 94 and 95: Often, you will see the verb zetten
Page 96 and 97: How to use these verbs for people r
Page 98 and 99: 3 Sanne legt/stopt/zet de was in de
Page 100 and 101: Peter zit een essay te schrijven. K
Page 102 and 103: Durative constructions with bezig z
Page 104 and 105: 1 Erik zit op de bank en hij leest
Page 106 and 107: Ik zag patat etende mensen op straa
Page 108 and 109: Exercise 14.1 Change the relative s
Page 110 and 111: UNIT FIFTEEN Talking about the futu
Page 112 and 113: Exercise 15.1 Write the sentences o
Page 114 and 115: UNIT SIXTEEN Separable and insepara
Page 116 and 117: Erik zegt dat hij en Sanne zaterdag
Page 118 and 119: Subordinated sentence: Sanne dacht,
Page 120 and 121: Exercise 16.1 Put the sentences int
Page 122 and 123: UNIT SEVENTEEN Relative clauses Int
Page 124 and 125: Wie without antecedent Sometimes, t
Page 126 and 127: 3 Kijk, op deze foto zie je mijn vr
Page 128 and 129: Exercise 17.1 Enter the correct rel
Page 130 and 131: UNIT EIGHTEEN Indirect speech Intro
Page 132 and 133: A few notes on word order in indire
Page 134 and 135: Exercise 18.3 Speaking exercise. Si
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From the speaker’s perspective, a
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Als ik geld had gehad, dan zou ik d
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Erik: Het zou me niet verbazen. I w
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UNIT TWENTY The passive Introductio
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The passive without emphasis on the
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Het dak zal niet meer gerepareerd k
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Exercise 20.2 As mentioned before,
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Example: glas in de voordeur - brek
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Erik heeft niet kunnen komen. Erik
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We zouden kunnen gaan vissen. We co
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Exercise 21.2 Put the sentences int
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Personal pronouns werken rijden ik,
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Before Erik went to study in Gronin
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a Ik heb in Groningen gestudeerd. b
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of the sentence takes place in the
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1 Eerst las ik m’n email. Toen gi
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in berusten in acquiesce in delen i
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uit van De dief werd tot twee jaar
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Daar neem ik geen genoegen mee. I
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UNIT TWENTY-FOUR Word order Introdu
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Subject Verb Subject Middle Verb gr
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For more examples of word order wit
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2 Hij komt op tijd op z’n werk, h
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APPENDIX Strong and irregular verbs
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smelten smolt gesmolten melt treffe
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schijnen scheen geschenen shine, ap
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KEY TO EXERCISES Unit 1 Exercise 1.
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Unit 3 Exercise 3.1 1 kinderschoene
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Exercise 6.2 1 je, je. 2 Ze. 3 je,
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met die wiskundeopgave kan helpen.
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Exercise 11.5 1 Nee, daar heb ik oo
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Unit 15 Exercise 15.1 1 Woensdagavo
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Exercise 17.3 1...waarmee je kunt s
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Exercise 19.5 1 Zou je mijn planten
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Unit 22 Exercise 22.1 1 b. 2 b. 3 a
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INDEX Page numbers in bold refer to
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echter 17 -e/-en/-er in noun deriva
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objects see also object forms and a
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conjunctions/conjunctional adverbs
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