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For more examples of word order with separable verbs, check the corresponding chapter in this book. Auxiliary verbs with te + infinitive take the second position in a main sentence, while te and the infinitive are at the end (example 1). If the infinitive of the main verb is a separable verb, te must separate the prefix from the stem (example 2). 1 Sanne probeert het reisburo te bellen. Sanne tries to call the travel agent. 2 Peter vergeet zijn broodtrommel in te pakken. Peter forgets to pack his lunch box. In subordinated sentences of this kind, the conjugated verb can be on either side of the direct object. See examples of each in example 3. 3 Ik geloof dat Sanne het reisburo probeert te bellen. Alternative: Ik geloof dat Sanne probeert het reisburo te bellen. I think Sanne is trying to call the travel agent. The present perfect of an infinitive construction with te and a direct object offers a variety of possibilities in word order. The past participle of the auxiliary verb can be on either side of the object, in a main as well as a subordinated sentence (examples 4, 5). 4 Sanne is vergeten het reisburo te bellen. Alternative: Sanne is het reisburo vergeten te bellen. Sanne has forgotten to call the travel agent. 5 Ik geloof dat Sanne vergeten is het reisburo te bellen. Alternative: Ik geloof dat Sanne het reisburo is vergeten te bellen. I believe Sanne forgot to call the travel agent. Note: Even within the subordinated sentence dat Sanne vergeten is one has another alternative: dat Sanne is vergeten. This is in line with the rule we mentioned before, namely that in a subordinated sentence, the auxiliary verb can be on either side of the infinitive or past participle. Word order in large verb groups Complicated forms of the passive or the conditional, for example, can have a verb group of three or more components at the end of the sentence. We have seen this in the corresponding units, and also in the unit on infinitive constructions. However, the order of those individual components is not arbitrary. Examples: Word order in large verb groups 169
24 Word order 170 Erik zegt tegen Sanne dat de kapotte mixer niet meer gerepareerd kan worden. Erik tells Sanne that the broken mixer cannot be fixed anymore. This verb group consists of three verbs: the modal verb kunnen, the passive auxiliary verb worden and the main verb repareren. In this verb group, the past participle of the main verb can be either at the beginning or the end: Erik zegt tegen Sanne dat de kapotte mixer niet meer kan worden gerepareerd. Erik tells Sanne that the broken mixer cannot be fixed anymore. The word order in a larger verb group in the conditional is the same as above. The past participle of the main verb can be at the beginning or at the end. Erik zegt tegen Sanne dat hij de mixer graag zelf gerepareerd zou hebben. Erik tells Sanne that he would have liked to fix the mixer himself. Alternative: Erik zegt tegen Sanne dat hij de mixer graag zelf zou hebben gerepareerd. When a fourth verb is added to the group, such as in the sentences below which are passive constructions in the past perfect, the word order remains consistent. The past participle is at the beginning or at the end. Examples: Sanne gelooft dat de mixer nog best gerepareerd had kunnen worden. Sanne believes the mixer could very well have been fixed. Alternative: Sanne gelooft dat de mixer nog best had kunnen worden gerepareerd. Summary: The past participle of the main verb is at the beginning or the end of the verb group, and within the other verbs, the conjugated verb comes first, followed by the infinitives of the other verbs. Among those, modal verb infinitives always come first. Exercise 24.1 Reverse the order of the two sentences, and begin with the subordinated sentence. 1 Erik neemt de trein naar Amsterdam, omdat hij niet in het spitsuur wil komen.
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INTERMEDIATE DUTCH: A GRAMMAR AND W
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INTERMEDIATE DUTCH: A GRAMMAR AND W
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CONTENTS Preface vii 1 Conjunctions
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PREFACE This book is an intermediat
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UNIT ONE Conjunctions Introduction
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Section 2: Subordinating conjunctio
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The action or event of a sentence w
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voorzichtig en langzaam rijden. Hij
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Peters toekomst: Ik wil èn een int
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Exercise 1.4 Fill in the correct co
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Exercise 1.8 Speaking exercise. Wha
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they usually follow the verb, but t
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De trein was te laat. Dus kwam ik t
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Ik kan niet komen, ik heb te veel h
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5 Het regende op Sylvia’s bruilof
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The suffix -ing is used to form nou
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Other common suffixes for the forma
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A special category in this group ar
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Exercise 3.5 Underline the compound
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Participles The past participle and
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-lijk zakelijk businesslike, fatsoe
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combination hoe...hoe...can also be
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Exercise 4.3 Look at the data and c
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UNIT FIVE Possessives Introduction
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Examples: Wiens koffie is dit? Whos
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3 Erik: Onze hond is lui. Is (yours
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UNIT SIX Indefinite pronouns Introd
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Men bouwt hier een nieuw winkelcent
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In the singular, the pronoun al is
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De kinderen krijgen allemaal een ap
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5a Peter: Ik zoek ______ voor m’n
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UNIT SEVEN The pronouns zich, zelf
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The unstressed forms we and ze are
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Exercise 7.2 Fill in the blanks wit
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Zulk The pronoun zulk ‘such’ is
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Exercise 8.3 Speaking exercise. Cho
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1 Erik komt niet. Erik isn’t comi
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Ik hoop niet dat het gaat regenen.
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Exercise 9.4 Give a negative answer
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met Wat doe je met een pen? Ik schr
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When used in a main sentence to ref
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(1) Erik en Sanne zijn een week naa
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UNIT ELEVEN Pronominal adverbs Intr
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5 Praat Erik vaak over politiek? Ne
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Waar ga je naartoe? Waar ga je heen
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4 Linda: Ja, ________ Sanne: Ik ben
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Often, you will see the verb zetten
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How to use these verbs for people r
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3 Sanne legt/stopt/zet de was in de
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Peter zit een essay te schrijven. K
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Durative constructions with bezig z
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1 Erik zit op de bank en hij leest
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Ik zag patat etende mensen op straa
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Exercise 14.1 Change the relative s
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UNIT FIFTEEN Talking about the futu
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Exercise 15.1 Write the sentences o
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UNIT SIXTEEN Separable and insepara
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Erik zegt dat hij en Sanne zaterdag
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Subordinated sentence: Sanne dacht,
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Exercise 16.1 Put the sentences int
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UNIT SEVENTEEN Relative clauses Int
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Wie without antecedent Sometimes, t
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3 Kijk, op deze foto zie je mijn vr
Page 128 and 129: Exercise 17.1 Enter the correct rel
Page 130 and 131: UNIT EIGHTEEN Indirect speech Intro
Page 132 and 133: A few notes on word order in indire
Page 134 and 135: Exercise 18.3 Speaking exercise. Si
Page 136 and 137: From the speaker’s perspective, a
Page 138 and 139: Als ik geld had gehad, dan zou ik d
Page 140 and 141: Erik: Het zou me niet verbazen. I w
Page 142 and 143: UNIT TWENTY The passive Introductio
Page 144 and 145: The passive without emphasis on the
Page 146 and 147: Het dak zal niet meer gerepareerd k
Page 148 and 149: Exercise 20.2 As mentioned before,
Page 150 and 151: Example: glas in de voordeur - brek
Page 152 and 153: Erik heeft niet kunnen komen. Erik
Page 154 and 155: We zouden kunnen gaan vissen. We co
Page 156 and 157: Exercise 21.2 Put the sentences int
Page 158 and 159: Personal pronouns werken rijden ik,
Page 160 and 161: Before Erik went to study in Gronin
Page 162 and 163: a Ik heb in Groningen gestudeerd. b
Page 164 and 165: of the sentence takes place in the
Page 166 and 167: 1 Eerst las ik m’n email. Toen gi
Page 168 and 169: in berusten in acquiesce in delen i
Page 170 and 171: uit van De dief werd tot twee jaar
Page 172 and 173: Daar neem ik geen genoegen mee. I
Page 174 and 175: UNIT TWENTY-FOUR Word order Introdu
Page 176 and 177: Subject Verb Subject Middle Verb gr
Page 180 and 181: 2 Hij komt op tijd op z’n werk, h
Page 182 and 183: APPENDIX Strong and irregular verbs
Page 184 and 185: smelten smolt gesmolten melt treffe
Page 186 and 187: schijnen scheen geschenen shine, ap
Page 188 and 189: KEY TO EXERCISES Unit 1 Exercise 1.
Page 190 and 191: Unit 3 Exercise 3.1 1 kinderschoene
Page 192 and 193: Exercise 6.2 1 je, je. 2 Ze. 3 je,
Page 194 and 195: met die wiskundeopgave kan helpen.
Page 196 and 197: Exercise 11.5 1 Nee, daar heb ik oo
Page 198 and 199: Unit 15 Exercise 15.1 1 Woensdagavo
Page 200 and 201: Exercise 17.3 1...waarmee je kunt s
Page 202 and 203: Exercise 19.5 1 Zou je mijn planten
Page 204 and 205: Unit 22 Exercise 22.1 1 b. 2 b. 3 a
Page 206 and 207: INDEX Page numbers in bold refer to
Page 208 and 209: echter 17 -e/-en/-er in noun deriva
Page 210 and 211: objects see also object forms and a
Page 212 and 213: conjunctions/conjunctional adverbs
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