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UNIT SEVEN The pronouns zich, zelf and elkaar Introduction The pronoun zich is a reflexive pronoun. It occurs with reflexive verbs such as zich schamen ‘to be ashamed’ or with verbs that can be reflexive or not, for example zich wassen ‘to wash oneself’. For an overview on reflexive verbs, see Basic Dutch, Unit 21. The pronoun zelf can be connected to reflexive and personal pronouns to emphasize a contrast between self and other. The pronoun elkaar ‘each other’ is a reciprocal pronoun. Conjugation of a reflexive verb, the pronoun zich In this overview of the verb zich schamen, you notice that zich is the reflexive pronoun for the second person formal (u), and the third person singular and plural. Singular Plural ik schaam me myself wij/we schamen ons ourselves jij schaamt je yourself jullie schamen je yourselves u schaamt zich (u) yourself u schaamt zich (u) yourselves hij, zij/ze schaamt zich him/her/itself zij/ze schamen zich themselves The reflexive pronoun and zelf In combination with verbs that can be used as reflexive or non-reflexive verbs, the reflexive pronoun can be combined with zelf to emphasize a contrast with ‘other’. Ik was mezelf en daarna de baby. I wash myself and then the baby. Hij stelde zichzelf en zijn vrouw He introduced himself and his voor. wife. 55
7 The pronouns zich, zelf and elkaar 56 Note: In some fixed expressions, the reflexive pronoun has to be connected with zelf: Ik ben mezelf niet. I am not my (usual) self. Hij kwam weer tot zichzelf. He collected, composed himself. Hoelang woon je al op jezelf ? How long have you lived on your own? Personal pronouns and zelf In non-reflexive combinations, the subject and object forms of the personal pronoun can be connected with zelf. Examples: Ikzelf houd niet zo van wijn, maar mijn man wel. I myself don’t like wine that much, but my husband does. Is dit boek een geschenk, of is het voor uzelf ? Is this book a gift, or is it for yourself? De man van Marie is al hier, maar haarzelf heb ik nog niet gezien. Marie’s husband is here, but her I have not yet seen. Onze buren gaan op vakantie, maar wijzelf blijven dit jaar thuis. Our neighbors are going on vacation, but we stay home this year. Komt Erik vanavond? Is Erik coming tonight? Weet ik niet. Vraag het hemzelf. I don’t know. Ask him. In many cases, especially when zelf is connected with the subject form of the personal pronoun, the pronoun and zelf are separated. The position of zelf can be at the beginning of the sentence or after the verb. Separated forms of the examples above: Ik houd zelf niet zo van wijn, maar mijn man wel. I don’t really like wine, but my husband does. Zelf houd ik niet zo van wijn, maar mijn man wel. I don’t really like wine, but my husband does. Onze buren gaan op vakantie, maar wij blijven zelf dit jaar thuis. Our neighbors are going on vacation, but we will stay home this year. Onze buren gaan op vakantie, maar zelf blijven we dit jaar thuis. Our neighbors are going on vacation, but we will stay home this year.
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INTERMEDIATE DUTCH: A GRAMMAR AND W
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INTERMEDIATE DUTCH: A GRAMMAR AND W
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CONTENTS Preface vii 1 Conjunctions
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PREFACE This book is an intermediat
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UNIT ONE Conjunctions Introduction
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Section 2: Subordinating conjunctio
Page 14 and 15: The action or event of a sentence w
Page 16 and 17: voorzichtig en langzaam rijden. Hij
Page 18 and 19: Peters toekomst: Ik wil èn een int
Page 20 and 21: Exercise 1.4 Fill in the correct co
Page 22 and 23: Exercise 1.8 Speaking exercise. Wha
Page 24 and 25: they usually follow the verb, but t
Page 26 and 27: De trein was te laat. Dus kwam ik t
Page 28 and 29: Ik kan niet komen, ik heb te veel h
Page 30 and 31: 5 Het regende op Sylvia’s bruilof
Page 32 and 33: The suffix -ing is used to form nou
Page 34 and 35: Other common suffixes for the forma
Page 36 and 37: A special category in this group ar
Page 38 and 39: Exercise 3.5 Underline the compound
Page 40 and 41: Participles The past participle and
Page 42 and 43: -lijk zakelijk businesslike, fatsoe
Page 44 and 45: combination hoe...hoe...can also be
Page 46 and 47: Exercise 4.3 Look at the data and c
Page 48 and 49: UNIT FIVE Possessives Introduction
Page 50 and 51: Examples: Wiens koffie is dit? Whos
Page 52 and 53: 3 Erik: Onze hond is lui. Is (yours
Page 54 and 55: UNIT SIX Indefinite pronouns Introd
Page 56 and 57: Men bouwt hier een nieuw winkelcent
Page 58 and 59: In the singular, the pronoun al is
Page 60 and 61: De kinderen krijgen allemaal een ap
Page 62 and 63: 5a Peter: Ik zoek ______ voor m’n
Page 66 and 67: The unstressed forms we and ze are
Page 68 and 69: Exercise 7.2 Fill in the blanks wit
Page 70 and 71: Zulk The pronoun zulk ‘such’ is
Page 72 and 73: Exercise 8.3 Speaking exercise. Cho
Page 74 and 75: 1 Erik komt niet. Erik isn’t comi
Page 76 and 77: Ik hoop niet dat het gaat regenen.
Page 78 and 79: Exercise 9.4 Give a negative answer
Page 80 and 81: met Wat doe je met een pen? Ik schr
Page 82 and 83: When used in a main sentence to ref
Page 84 and 85: (1) Erik en Sanne zijn een week naa
Page 86 and 87: UNIT ELEVEN Pronominal adverbs Intr
Page 88 and 89: 5 Praat Erik vaak over politiek? Ne
Page 90 and 91: Waar ga je naartoe? Waar ga je heen
Page 92 and 93: 4 Linda: Ja, ________ Sanne: Ik ben
Page 94 and 95: Often, you will see the verb zetten
Page 96 and 97: How to use these verbs for people r
Page 98 and 99: 3 Sanne legt/stopt/zet de was in de
Page 100 and 101: Peter zit een essay te schrijven. K
Page 102 and 103: Durative constructions with bezig z
Page 104 and 105: 1 Erik zit op de bank en hij leest
Page 106 and 107: Ik zag patat etende mensen op straa
Page 108 and 109: Exercise 14.1 Change the relative s
Page 110 and 111: UNIT FIFTEEN Talking about the futu
Page 112 and 113: Exercise 15.1 Write the sentences o
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UNIT SIXTEEN Separable and insepara
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Erik zegt dat hij en Sanne zaterdag
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Subordinated sentence: Sanne dacht,
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Exercise 16.1 Put the sentences int
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UNIT SEVENTEEN Relative clauses Int
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Wie without antecedent Sometimes, t
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3 Kijk, op deze foto zie je mijn vr
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Exercise 17.1 Enter the correct rel
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UNIT EIGHTEEN Indirect speech Intro
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A few notes on word order in indire
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Exercise 18.3 Speaking exercise. Si
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From the speaker’s perspective, a
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Als ik geld had gehad, dan zou ik d
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Erik: Het zou me niet verbazen. I w
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UNIT TWENTY The passive Introductio
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The passive without emphasis on the
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Het dak zal niet meer gerepareerd k
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Exercise 20.2 As mentioned before,
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Example: glas in de voordeur - brek
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Erik heeft niet kunnen komen. Erik
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We zouden kunnen gaan vissen. We co
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Exercise 21.2 Put the sentences int
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Personal pronouns werken rijden ik,
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Before Erik went to study in Gronin
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a Ik heb in Groningen gestudeerd. b
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of the sentence takes place in the
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1 Eerst las ik m’n email. Toen gi
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in berusten in acquiesce in delen i
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uit van De dief werd tot twee jaar
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Daar neem ik geen genoegen mee. I
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UNIT TWENTY-FOUR Word order Introdu
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Subject Verb Subject Middle Verb gr
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For more examples of word order wit
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2 Hij komt op tijd op z’n werk, h
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APPENDIX Strong and irregular verbs
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smelten smolt gesmolten melt treffe
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schijnen scheen geschenen shine, ap
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KEY TO EXERCISES Unit 1 Exercise 1.
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Unit 3 Exercise 3.1 1 kinderschoene
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Exercise 6.2 1 je, je. 2 Ze. 3 je,
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met die wiskundeopgave kan helpen.
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Exercise 11.5 1 Nee, daar heb ik oo
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Unit 15 Exercise 15.1 1 Woensdagavo
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Exercise 17.3 1...waarmee je kunt s
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Exercise 19.5 1 Zou je mijn planten
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Unit 22 Exercise 22.1 1 b. 2 b. 3 a
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INDEX Page numbers in bold refer to
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echter 17 -e/-en/-er in noun deriva
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objects see also object forms and a
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conjunctions/conjunctional adverbs
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