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1<br />
Conjunctions<br />
4<br />
Als ik op die smalle weg rijd, ben ik bang voor tegenliggend v<strong>er</strong>ke<strong>er</strong>.<br />
When I drive on that narrow road, I’m afraid of oncoming traffic.<br />
(Altijd) als ik op die smalle weg reed, was ik bang voor tegenliggend<br />
v<strong>er</strong>ke<strong>er</strong>.<br />
Ev<strong>er</strong>y time I drove on that narrow road, I was afraid of oncoming traffic.<br />
The use of toen ‘when’ is only for non-recurring, more specific past events<br />
(including those extending ov<strong>er</strong> a long<strong>er</strong> p<strong>er</strong>iod of time, such as going to<br />
school in your childhood and youth), and it is often accompanied by words<br />
such as gist<strong>er</strong>en, vorige week, een jaar geleden, etc. Examples:<br />
Toen we gist<strong>er</strong>en naar huis reden, was het glad op de weg.<br />
When we drove home yest<strong>er</strong>day, the road was slipp<strong>er</strong>y.<br />
Toen ik op de middelbare school zat, zat ik ’s avonds laat huisw<strong>er</strong>k te<br />
maken.<br />
When I went to highschool, I sat up late in the evenings doing my<br />
homework.<br />
We often see the improp<strong>er</strong> use of wanne<strong>er</strong> as a synonym for als or even<br />
toen, especially in native speak<strong>er</strong>s of English, because it sounds similar<br />
to ‘when’. As a replacement for toen it is incorrect, and while it is not<br />
incorrect as a replacement for als in recurring past events, it is not the<br />
most prop<strong>er</strong> form for als in present events. Avoid sentences such as<br />
Wanne<strong>er</strong> ik een kind was, ...or Ik eet wanne<strong>er</strong> ik tv kijk, and instead,<br />
use wanne<strong>er</strong> in its prop<strong>er</strong> function, as a question word, for direct or indirect<br />
questions such as<br />
Wanne<strong>er</strong> kom je? When are you coming?<br />
Kun je me zeggen wanne<strong>er</strong> je komt? Can you tell me when you’re<br />
coming?<br />
Voordat, nadat, totdat<br />
The action or event of a sentence beginning with voordat ‘before’ follows<br />
the action of the main sentence. Sentences with voordat can occur in all<br />
tenses. Examples:<br />
Erik eet voordat hij naar zijn w<strong>er</strong>k gaat.<br />
Erik eats before he goes to work.<br />
Je gaat niet voetballen voordat je je huisw<strong>er</strong>k hebt afgemaakt.<br />
You’re not going to play socc<strong>er</strong> before you have finished your<br />
homework.