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UNIT EIGHTEEN Indirect speech Introduction The unit on word order in Basic Dutch concluded with a section on word order in indirect speech. This unit continues with more complicated forms of indirect speech. Indirect statements and indirect questions A typical aspect of indirect speech is that the perspective changes from first person to third person. However, the number of speakers involved in the conversation, and the question of who addresses whom can also determine the subject form of indirect speech. Erik: Ik kijk vanavond naar voetbal. I’m watching soccer tonight. 1 Erik zegt dat hij vanavond naar voetbal kijkt. Erik says that he is watching soccer tonight. Erik: Wat zit er in de salade? What’s in the salad? 2 Erik vraagt wat er in de salade zit. Erik asks what is in the salad. The clauses in italics are indirect speech. They are subordinated clauses, the conjugated verb (or the verb group) is at the end, and they can be indirect statements (example 1) or indirect questions (example 2). Note how in example 1 the subject changes from first person in direct speech to third person in indirect speech. Naturally, the speaker can also repeat his or her own statement in indirect speech, in which case the subject doesn’t change. Example: Erik: Ik kijk vanavond naar voetbal. I am watching football tonight. Sanne: Wat zeg je? What did you say? 121
18 Indirect speech 122 Erik: Ik zei dat ik vanavond naar voetbal kijk. I said that I’ll be watching football tonight. Indirect statements are often introduced with phrases that include the verbs zeggen ‘say’, denken ‘think’, vertellen ‘tell’, menen ‘think, have an opinion’, vinden ‘think, have an opinion’, beweren ‘maintain’, antwoorden ‘answer’ and others. An indirect statement always begins with dat. Indirect questions are introduced by a question word (wie, wat, waar, wanneer, hoe, waarom, etc.) or, if the question is a yes/no question, by of ‘if, whether’. Indirect questions might be introduced with phrases such as ik wil weten ...‘I want to know . . .’, kunt u mij vertellen ...‘can you tell me ...’ mag ik even vragen ...‘may I ask . . .’ and the like. Now, imagine a situation where Peter is on the phone to Karin (who is staying with a friend in Amsterdam) while Sanne is in the room with him. Every now and then Sanne throws in a question or comment which Peter then relates to Karin. This goes as follows: Sanne: Heeft ze het leuk? Is she having a good time? Peter: Mama vraagt of je het leuk hebt. Mom asks if you’re having a good time. Sanne: Wat doet ze allemaal? What is she doing? Peter: Mama wil weten wat je allemaal doet. Mom wants to know what you’re doing. Sanne: Zeg maar tegen haar dat ze naar het Van Goghmuseum moet gaan. Tell her that she should go to the Van Gogh Museum. Peter: Mama zegt dat je naar het Van Goghmuseum moet gaan. Mom says that you should go to the Van Gogh Museum. As you can see in the examples above, the subject of the indirect statement or question depends on who addresses whom and how many people are involved in the exchange of information. Note that also possessive pronouns will change. More examples: Sanne to Erik: Je wordt een beetje te dik. You’re gaining a little too much weight. Erik to a friend: Sanne zegt dat ik te dik word. Grandpa and Grandma Beumer to Peter: We gaan dit jaar ons huis verkopen. We’re going to sell our house this year. Peter to Erik: Opa en oma Beumer zeiden dat ze dit jaar hun huis gaan verkopen.
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INTERMEDIATE DUTCH: A GRAMMAR AND W
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INTERMEDIATE DUTCH: A GRAMMAR AND W
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CONTENTS Preface vii 1 Conjunctions
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PREFACE This book is an intermediat
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UNIT ONE Conjunctions Introduction
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Section 2: Subordinating conjunctio
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The action or event of a sentence w
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voorzichtig en langzaam rijden. Hij
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Peters toekomst: Ik wil èn een int
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Exercise 1.4 Fill in the correct co
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Exercise 1.8 Speaking exercise. Wha
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they usually follow the verb, but t
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De trein was te laat. Dus kwam ik t
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Ik kan niet komen, ik heb te veel h
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5 Het regende op Sylvia’s bruilof
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The suffix -ing is used to form nou
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Other common suffixes for the forma
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A special category in this group ar
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Exercise 3.5 Underline the compound
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Participles The past participle and
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-lijk zakelijk businesslike, fatsoe
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combination hoe...hoe...can also be
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Exercise 4.3 Look at the data and c
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UNIT FIVE Possessives Introduction
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Examples: Wiens koffie is dit? Whos
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3 Erik: Onze hond is lui. Is (yours
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UNIT SIX Indefinite pronouns Introd
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Men bouwt hier een nieuw winkelcent
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In the singular, the pronoun al is
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De kinderen krijgen allemaal een ap
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5a Peter: Ik zoek ______ voor m’n
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UNIT SEVEN The pronouns zich, zelf
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The unstressed forms we and ze are
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Exercise 7.2 Fill in the blanks wit
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Zulk The pronoun zulk ‘such’ is
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Exercise 8.3 Speaking exercise. Cho
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1 Erik komt niet. Erik isn’t comi
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Ik hoop niet dat het gaat regenen.
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Exercise 9.4 Give a negative answer
Page 80 and 81: met Wat doe je met een pen? Ik schr
Page 82 and 83: When used in a main sentence to ref
Page 84 and 85: (1) Erik en Sanne zijn een week naa
Page 86 and 87: UNIT ELEVEN Pronominal adverbs Intr
Page 88 and 89: 5 Praat Erik vaak over politiek? Ne
Page 90 and 91: Waar ga je naartoe? Waar ga je heen
Page 92 and 93: 4 Linda: Ja, ________ Sanne: Ik ben
Page 94 and 95: Often, you will see the verb zetten
Page 96 and 97: How to use these verbs for people r
Page 98 and 99: 3 Sanne legt/stopt/zet de was in de
Page 100 and 101: Peter zit een essay te schrijven. K
Page 102 and 103: Durative constructions with bezig z
Page 104 and 105: 1 Erik zit op de bank en hij leest
Page 106 and 107: Ik zag patat etende mensen op straa
Page 108 and 109: Exercise 14.1 Change the relative s
Page 110 and 111: UNIT FIFTEEN Talking about the futu
Page 112 and 113: Exercise 15.1 Write the sentences o
Page 114 and 115: UNIT SIXTEEN Separable and insepara
Page 116 and 117: Erik zegt dat hij en Sanne zaterdag
Page 118 and 119: Subordinated sentence: Sanne dacht,
Page 120 and 121: Exercise 16.1 Put the sentences int
Page 122 and 123: UNIT SEVENTEEN Relative clauses Int
Page 124 and 125: Wie without antecedent Sometimes, t
Page 126 and 127: 3 Kijk, op deze foto zie je mijn vr
Page 128 and 129: Exercise 17.1 Enter the correct rel
Page 132 and 133: A few notes on word order in indire
Page 134 and 135: Exercise 18.3 Speaking exercise. Si
Page 136 and 137: From the speaker’s perspective, a
Page 138 and 139: Als ik geld had gehad, dan zou ik d
Page 140 and 141: Erik: Het zou me niet verbazen. I w
Page 142 and 143: UNIT TWENTY The passive Introductio
Page 144 and 145: The passive without emphasis on the
Page 146 and 147: Het dak zal niet meer gerepareerd k
Page 148 and 149: Exercise 20.2 As mentioned before,
Page 150 and 151: Example: glas in de voordeur - brek
Page 152 and 153: Erik heeft niet kunnen komen. Erik
Page 154 and 155: We zouden kunnen gaan vissen. We co
Page 156 and 157: Exercise 21.2 Put the sentences int
Page 158 and 159: Personal pronouns werken rijden ik,
Page 160 and 161: Before Erik went to study in Gronin
Page 162 and 163: a Ik heb in Groningen gestudeerd. b
Page 164 and 165: of the sentence takes place in the
Page 166 and 167: 1 Eerst las ik m’n email. Toen gi
Page 168 and 169: in berusten in acquiesce in delen i
Page 170 and 171: uit van De dief werd tot twee jaar
Page 172 and 173: Daar neem ik geen genoegen mee. I
Page 174 and 175: UNIT TWENTY-FOUR Word order Introdu
Page 176 and 177: Subject Verb Subject Middle Verb gr
Page 178 and 179: For more examples of word order wit
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2 Hij komt op tijd op z’n werk, h
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APPENDIX Strong and irregular verbs
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smelten smolt gesmolten melt treffe
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schijnen scheen geschenen shine, ap
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KEY TO EXERCISES Unit 1 Exercise 1.
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Unit 3 Exercise 3.1 1 kinderschoene
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Exercise 6.2 1 je, je. 2 Ze. 3 je,
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met die wiskundeopgave kan helpen.
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Exercise 11.5 1 Nee, daar heb ik oo
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Unit 15 Exercise 15.1 1 Woensdagavo
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Exercise 17.3 1...waarmee je kunt s
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Exercise 19.5 1 Zou je mijn planten
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Unit 22 Exercise 22.1 1 b. 2 b. 3 a
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INDEX Page numbers in bold refer to
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echter 17 -e/-en/-er in noun deriva
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objects see also object forms and a
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conjunctions/conjunctional adverbs
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