ASPECTS OF TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT APPLIED IN ...

Annals of the University “Constantin Brâncuşi”of Tg-Jiu, No. 1/2008, Volume 2,
ISSN: 1842-4856
specialists to identify all indicators who had established a strong relation, meanwhile the statistic
analysis of the main component has been used for identifying the key-indicators for each set.
After the first two stages have been established, there have been 26 indicators left. Their
selection has been based on the following principles:
- The redundancy: if there are several indicators who offer similar information, only one
should be selected;
- The political impact: when two indicators are strongly related and offer a political
message, the two indicators should be selected;
- The available “assets”: only valid indicators for a big number of countries and who could
be obtained within the already-existing data base;
- When two indicators are redundant, keep the one that is already included within the lists.
Finally, using regression techniques, the data base should be filled in with all missing
information.
In order to provide the best global view for the evolution of each country referring to
innovation, specialists should make up a synthesis for all part indicators and gather them into a
general index of innovation. It is easier to analyse the variation of a synthetic indicator that to look
up for any common tendency of part indicators evolution. The synthetic indicator is useful when
establishing a hierarchy containing all countries, in order to highlight all gaps; that is also a useful
instrument for decision-making. Nevertheless, it is not easy to establish a synthetic indicator.
Methodology problems may Also occur, and they have to be solved out the best way possible, in
order to avoid any mistake referring to interpretation or result-use. The list of part indicators we
should use is checked out very often. For instance, the list of part indicators included within the EIS
2005 refers to the indicator called “penetration ratio of simultaneous telecommunication” and it
replaces “Internet access”; the indicator “the weight of innovative companies publicly financed”
replaces “the costs referring to CD of companies financed from public resources’; and the indicator
“national patents for each million inhabitants” is no longer used.
All part indicators should be grouped into a synthetic index of innovation and in sub-indexes
corresponding to thematic groups. That refers to mathematic algorism referring to primary data
standards. Primary indicators are referred to in different measures (for instance %,%o, for 1 million
inhabitants), and that does not allow us to calculate the sum. First of all, you should turn the part
indicators into a common measure, according to standard method minimum-maximum, as
following:
1. establish the standard value (between 0 and 1) for each primary indicator, according to
the relation:
y
ij
x
=
max
ij
− min( x
j
)
( x ) − min( x )
j
Where: yij
- standard value of the indicator j for country i;
x ij – value of indicator j for country i;
j
2. calculate the synthetic index as arithmetical average (moderate or simple) of standard
values of component indicators:
I
i
m
∑
j=
1
= m
q
∑
j=
1
j
q
y
j
ij
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