2454 final report.pdf - Agra CEAS Consulting

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Evaluation of the Community Plant Health Regime: Final Report DG SANCO Evaluation Framework Contract Lot 3 (Food Chain) Of the above combinations identified by respondents, 5 HOs were selected for further analysis: Anoplophora (chinensis and glabripennis), Ceratocystis (fagacearum and fimbriata), Erwinia Amylovora, Grapevine Flavescence dorée and ramorum. For these HOs, the objective has been to complete the data on the susceptible areas (as provided by respondents) with an estimation of the possible damage associated to the appearance of the HO, as identified in the literature (e.g. specific PRA 211 and scientific article 212 ). It is noted that, although these cases have been selected because they demonstrate clear benefits from the current policy, they are not considered to represent absolute success cases across the EU and in all aspects of the current measures provided by the CPHR. In many cases, these same examples of HOs were associated with significant failures in some MS for certain aspects of CPHR implementation (e.g. in relation to notification requirements, or the plant passport system or implementation of protected zones, or the adoption and implementation of emergency measures). 3.11.3.1 Anoplophora (chinensis and glabripennis) Seven MS indicated the CPHR has been successful in the case of Anoplophora, as summarized in the following table: Table 3-21: Main host plants and susceptible areas for which the CPHR has avoided the introduction/spread of Anoplophora* in 7 MS Type of benefit economic benefit CPHR successful for avoiding: Introduction / establishment Containment / slowing spread Countries Plant Susceptible area (in number of plants/trees, ha) Czech Republic ornamental trees 627,500 ha Denmark many deciduous No data available plant species Italy Susceptible No data available plants Lithuania deciduous trees No data available Netherlands deciduous trees, nursery stock: 17000 ha in particular Acer public area, private gardens: spp. No data available Denmark deciduous trees No data available Germany deciduous trees, No data available Acer campestris, Salix caprea, Populus, Aesculus and Italy Betula Susceptible plants public area, private gardens: No data available 211 Anoplophora glabripennis :UK, Anoplophora chinensis : Nl, Erwinia amylovora : EPPO and Estonia ; Grapevine Flavescence Dorée : Austria ; Phytophthora ramorum : EU. 212 Ceratocystis : Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Ceratocystis fagacearum in Roots and Root Grafts of Oak Wilt Affected Red Oaks, Ryan A. Blaedow and Jennifer Juzwik, International Society of Arboriculture, Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 2010. 36(1): 28–34 FCEC 210
Evaluation of the Community Plant Health Regime: Final Report DG SANCO Evaluation Framework Contract Lot 3 (Food Chain) Type of benefit environmental benefits * chinensis and glabripennis CPHR successful for avoiding: Introduction / establishment Containment / slowing spread Countries Plant Susceptible area (in number of plants/trees, ha) Belgium deciduous trees 350000 ha Czech Republic ornamental trees 627500 ha Italy deciduous trees public area, private gardens: No data available Lithuania Not specified No data available Netherlands deciduous trees, No data available in particular Acer spp. Germany deciduous trees, No data available Acer campestris, Salix caprea, Aesculus and Betula Source: compiled by FCEC based on specific cost survey results Anoplophora is a wood-boring pest which was imported from Asia into the EU. Host plants are various deciduous trees, such as Acer, Corylus, Prunus, Citrus, Malus, Populus and Salix. These trees are widely distributed in the EU. Adults lay their eggs in the bark and eggs hatch after about 10 days. Trees die or are weakened due to the high number of larval tunnels in the wood. Imports of host plants are important, especially in the Netherlands where 1.6-2 million Acer were imported per year during the period 2005 – 2007, with an estimated total value of these plants (wholesale price) of about € 3 – 6 million. Solid wood (including wood products, wood packaging material) is a recognized pathway for Anoplophora glabripennis. Infested wood, chipped into pieces larger than 1.5 cm can enable larvae of Anoplophora to survive. Anoplophora is mainly present in Italy, and it could easily establish in other southern MS with similar climatic conditions, though there is also evidence that it can establish in northern parts of the EU, such as the Netherlands. In Southern Europe, the impact of Anoplophora chinensis may be higher than that of Anoplophora glabripennis since the first one has a broader host range. However, the climate in Northern Europe is possibly more favourable to Anoplophora glabripennis and its impact may, therefore, be higher despite the wider host range of Anoplophora chinensis. Economic benefits In countries where the CPHR avoided the introduction of Anoplophora, costs for surveys, eradication and replanting were spared. These can be high in case of infestation, as illustrated with the case of the infested area in Lombardy-Italy, where € 1.2 million has been spent from 2004 to 2007 and € 10 million for the period 2008 – 2010. Moreover, it avoided crop losses and losses of export markets for tree nurseries and fruit orchards (Citrus, Malus, Pyrus) due to die back or weakening of trees as well as the negative impact on consumer demand. Large outbreaks that also include agricultural areas may indeed FCEC 211
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Evaluation of the Community Plant H
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3.8 Export, transit and re-export i
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