2454 final report.pdf - Agra CEAS Consulting

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Evaluation of the Community Plant Health Regime: Final Report DG SANCO Evaluation Framework Contract Lot 3 (Food Chain) Quercus trees (oaks). The fungus can cause serious disease on many host plants as infected trees will develop wilt and die within a few weeks to a couple of months from the first development of wilt. This HO spreads through root grafts or common roots between neighbouring trees. Insect vectors may also spread the disease. The pathogen is capable of surviving undetected in the roots of apparently healthy trees for many years. Economic benefits There is currently no available treatment for infected trees. It is therefore important to reduce the number of new infections in an already infested area including through surveillance and removal of diseased trees, preventing the formation of root grafts between diseased and healthy trees, and minimizing wounds on healthy trees. Considering the importance of the production of Quercus in several parts of the Community such as FR and DE, the CPHR contributed to the maintenance of this economic activity, representing 5,440,000 ha of forest in FR and 1,000,000 ha of forest in DE. Environmental benefits The introduction of Ceratocystis fagacearum could have a major impact on natural landscape and forest areas. In urban areas where susceptible host trees are abundant, the impact on property or other social values may be significant. In the US, Ceratocystis fagacearum has led to landscape degradation, which has in turn led to a decline in urban and rural property values. 3.11.3.3 Erwinia amylovora Six MS have indicated that the CPHR has been successful in avoiding the introduction (EE, IE and IT) or in slowing down (FR, IE, IT, LT, SK, SI) the spread of Erwinia amylovora, mainly but not solely to the benefit of the economy. Table 3-23: Main host plants and susceptible areas for which the CPHR has avoided the introduction/spread of Erwinia amylovora in 6 MS Type of benefit economic benefit CPHR successful for avoiding: introduction/esta blishment containment/slo wing spread Countries Plant Susceptible area (in number of plants/trees, ha) Estonia plants for planting No data available Ireland Not specified fruit trees: 150 ornamental plants: No data available Italy Malus 1600 ha France fruit trees 76638 ha Italy Malus 55225 ha Pyrus 32075 ha Crataegus No data available Lithuania Not specified fruit trees: 2459 ornamental plants: No data available Slovakia Malvaceae No data available FCEC 214
Evaluation of the Community Plant Health Regime: Final Report DG SANCO Evaluation Framework Contract Lot 3 (Food Chain) Type of benefit CPHR successful for avoiding: Countries Plant Malus 4500 ha Pyrus 240 ha Slovenia Malus 2,874 ha Pyrus Susceptible area (in number of plants/trees, ha) 221 ha introduction/esta Estonia planting material No data available blishment Ireland Crataegus No data available environmental benefits Ireland Crataegus No data available containment/slo wing spread Lithuania Sorbus aucuparia, No data available Crataegus spp. Source: compiled by FCEC based on specific cost survey results Erwinia amylovora is a bacterial disease affecting fruit trees (Cotoneaster, Crataegus, Malus, Pyrus, etc.) and rosaceous ornamental plants. Insects are a vector for spreading the HO as the bacteria grows on flower surfaces. When climatic conditions are adequate, infection starts in the flowers. Erwinia amylovora causes cell destruction and plant tissue necrosis. Spread by propagating material is also probable. The HO comes from North America and is present in several European countries, including AT, BE, BG, DK, FR, DE, EL, HU, IE, NL, PL, RO, SK, ES and UK. Economic benefits Erwinia amylovora causes substantial damage to host plants. It endangers both the crops and the plants themselves. Yield in both the current and following year may be substantially reduced. Due to the rapid spreading of the HO in infested trees, trees can often not be saved. In order to avoid infestation, chemicals may be used. Economical damages may thus be substantial, including the destruction of trees, loss of crops, and replanting of trees or switching to other cultivations. Main sectors at risk are the pear and apple industries, and the nursery trade. The value of orchards of apple trees has been estimated at €6,000/ha by one MS. Environmental benefits The potential impact of Erwinia amylovora on the environment is really significant, based on the fact that host plants are widespread in the countryside; park and gardens, where they are positively contribute to the natural habitat. For instance in IE, the most important of the hosts of this HO is Crataegus which is widespread in the Irish countryside. Cotoneaster and Sorbus are extremely popular ornamental trees in Irish parks and gardens. The berries of these plants are recognised as very important sources of food for wildlife during the winter months. These plants also provide an abundance of shelter and nesting sites for wildlife and birdlife. FCEC 215
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