2454 final report.pdf - Agra CEAS Consulting

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Evaluation of the Community Plant Health Regime: Final Report DG SANCO Evaluation Framework Contract Lot 3 (Food Chain) lead to loss of export markets. Consumers run the risk of introducing the HO when they buy trees or shrubs that are host plants of the pest, and may therefore prefer buying other plants that are not hosts of the pest. Yield losses in orchards may generally be expected to lead to an increase in the price of fruit and, thereby, to a reduction in consumer demand. The total area of table apple, table pear, lemon and small citrus trees in the EU is estimated at 811,722 ha (Eurostat – 2007). As indicated by NL in their response to the specific cost survey, 17,000 ha of deciduous trees (Acer spp.) are grown in nursery stocks. In DE, the total potential loss for the most preferred host plant, Acer spp., including costs for replanting was estimated to be about € 96 million for Berlin alone (Balder, 2003). Some host trees also have some economic value: wood of Populus trees is used for making wood pulp, wood chip, veneers and matches; wood of Salix trees is used for general timber, energy coppice, and basket weaving in charcoal manufacture. No specific estimates of damage or losses which could have been incurred are available. In Canada, in 2004, it was estimated that the removal and replacement of one urban tree was about € 619 213 . Environmental benefits Environmental benefits arise for the area under amenity trees and natural forests in both northern and southern MS. As there are no effective methods available to control the pest except by spraying insecticides against adult beetles during summer months, eradication of the HO is done through destruction of visibly infested trees and of hosts around visibly infested trees. This has a serious impact on biodiversity since the preferred host plant (broadleaved species) could disappear to a significant extent in infested areas. Europe has a considerable area dominated by broadleaved (hardwood) species, currently estimated at about 18% of the total forest cover area, while a further 40% is covered by mixed species (broad leaved and coniferous). EU 27 MS have an average forest cover of 36%, amounting to over 160 million ha of forest 214 . The potential susceptible area (broadleaved species) for the EU-27 could therefore reach 40-45 million ha (depending on exact area covered by the susceptible species). The actual extent of the damage will depend on mortality and destruction rates, for which there is limited information at present. On the basis of a simple extrapolation from US estimated rates of impact (35%, see Error! Reference source not ound.), some 14-16 million ha could be damaged. At the level of individual MS, the potential damage is significant. For example, as indiacated respectively by CZ and BE in their response to the specific cost survey, the total susceptible 213 Average exchange rate 2004 : 1 Canadian $=0,6185249€ 214 Source: EU Roadmap 2010 FCEC 212
Evaluation of the Community Plant Health Regime: Final Report DG SANCO Evaluation Framework Contract Lot 3 (Food Chain) areas in these MS cover 350,000 ha of deciduous trees in BE and 627,500 ha of ornamental trees in CZ. Additionally, the loss of trees and shrubs in both urban and rural areas have an impact on the wider public, which may react adversely when trees and shrubs in their neighbourhood have to be removed or die due to Anoplophora. 3.11.3.2 Ceratocystis fagacearum and fimbriata Six MS have indicated that the CPHR has been successful in preventing the introduction or in slowing down the spread of Ceratocystis, mainly to the benefit of the environment. In particular, 6 MS indicated that CPHR has successfully prevented the introduction/establishment of Ceratocystis fagacearum: FR and DE (with associated economical benefits), and DK, DE, IE, PT and SE (with associated environmental benefits). IT mentioned the successful containment of Ceratocystis fimbriata, with associated economic and environmental benefits. Table 3-22: Main host plants and susceptible areas for which the CPHR has avoided the introduction/spread of Ceratocystis* in 6 MS Type of benefit CPHR successful for avoiding: Countries Plant Susceptible area (in number of plants/trees, ha) economic benefit introduction/ establishment France Quercus Quercus robur production: 1850 000 ha Quercus petraea pruction: 1690 000 ha Quercus pubescens production:1250 000 ha Quercus ilex production: 650 000 ha environmental benefits containment/slowing spread introduction/ establishment containment/slowing spread * fagacearum and fimbriata Germany Quercus 1 000 000 ha Italy Platanus occidentalis No data available Denmark Quercus No data available Germany Quercus 1 000 000 ha Ireland Quercus 15000 ha Portugal Quercus 1 243 000 ha Sweden Not specified No data available Italy Platanus occidentalis No data available Source: compiled by FCEC based on specific cost survey results Ceratocystis is a fungus affecting trees by causing canker, dieback and wilt. Main host plants of Cerotocystis fimbriata are Platanus trees, while Ceratocystis fagacearum affects mainly FCEC 213
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Evaluation of the Community Plant H
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Protection of the EU against the ha
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