2454 final report.pdf - Agra CEAS Consulting

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Evaluation of the Community Plant Health Regime: Final Report DG SANCO Evaluation Framework Contract Lot 3 (Food Chain) conflicts may develop in future, if the CPHR is not positively acknowledged in the EU-IAS strategy. The responsibilities of national bodies with competence for plant health and environmental policy should be clearly indicated and coordinated, as implementation of the relevant legislation is often the responsibility of different authorities. Invasive species harmful to plants (either agricultural or other) should be managed by the phytosanitary authorities. More generally, policy makers in the environment field consider that an overlap in objectives exists between the two policies, indeed also with agricultural policy, in that increasing problems in plant health are – to some extent seen as - an indication of degrading environmental conditions and agricultural practices that both affect the ability of plants to resist pathogens and increase the incidence of pathogens per se. Large scale monocultures and intensive farming methods are in particular considered to be one factor contributing to the degradation of the environment and biodiversity, increasing plant susceptibility to pests. Stronger coordination in pursuing objectives and designing measures is therefore needed as a matter of principle between these policies (e.g. through greater use of crop rotations to act as a mitigating measure to address both environmental degradation and plant health problems) 244 . Approximately one fifth (17%) of the EU land is covered by sites protected under Natura 2000 (Source: EC, 2009). To date, Natura 2000 comprises 22,419 Sites of Community Importance (SCIs) under the Habitats Directive and 5,242 Special Protection Areas (SPAs) under the Birds Directive (EC, 2009). Forest habitat types designated as Natura 2000 sites cover over 14 million ha, constituting almost 20% of the whole terrestrial Natura 2000 network 245 . The management of potential plant health problems (pest outbreaks) in these areas is subject to interpretation by the MS under the Subsidiarity principle of Art. 6, which requires the existence of ―imperative reasons of overriding public interest‖ in order to undertake a plan or a project in an area in the network of Natura 2000, and this could create potential situations of incoherence in pursuance of PH vs. conservation targets. In Portugal for example, Natura 2000 network covers 20% of the territory (including the Setubal region, where PWN was detected for the first time in 1999). 244 The Commission has launched a study on crop rotation (ENV B.1 contract "Environmental impacts of different crop rotations in the EU" (completion due in autumn 2010). Earlier studies on multi-functionality aspects of certain crops, including plant health protection, include: KBBE-2009-1-2-01 "Legumes: key multifunctional legume crops for an energy-efficient and environmentally friendly future European agriculture" (the subject is quite broad and includes, inter alia, environmental services associated with of legumes (soil fertility, impact on epidemiology of plant pests and pathogens in crop rotations, biodiversity, etc.). 245 Source: Green Paper On Forest Protection and Information in the EU: Preparing forests for climate change SEC(2010)163 <strong>final</strong> Food Chain Evaluation Consortium 258
Evaluation of the Community Plant Health Regime: Final Report DG SANCO Evaluation Framework Contract Lot 3 (Food Chain) 3.12.4 Coherence with PPP legislation The coherence with the current policy of plant protection products (PPPs), as laid down in Directive 91/414 246 , was also examined. The PPP legislation has been largely reviewed in 2009 and will soon be repealed and replaced by a new set of regulations, as follows: Regulation (EC) 1107/2009 247 describing the conditions for placing PPPs on the market; Framework Directive 2009/128/EC establishing a framework for Community action to achieve the sustainable use of pesticides 248 . The Regulation sets up the rules for the approval of active substances and commercial products, while the framework Directive defines how to ensure the correct use of these approved PPPs. The 'pesticides package' is to be completed with further legislation on this issue. The new package introduces fundamental changes in the manner in which pesticides are placed on the market and used in European agriculture. The Regulation lays down that active substances meeting specific criteria in relation to toxicity and to environmental behaviour are excluded from an assessment and will not be approved. However, at the same time specific derogations are foreseen to control serious dangers to plant health, which will allow the approval of substances not meeting some the criteria under strict conditions, or, in emergency situations the limited use of non-authorised products. The new regulation has also a number of provisions which will allow a faster market access for plant protection products: it sets clear deadlines in the approval process and it introduces a system of obligatory mutual recognition of authorisations of PPP within defined zones in the EU (in total 3 zones). The Directive demands that MS adopt National Action Plans to set "quantitative objectives, targets, measures and timetables to reduce risks and impacts of pesticide use on human health and the environment". Furthermore, MS must "encourage the development of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and of alternative approaches or techniques in order to reduce dependency on the use of pesticides" 249 . Both the Regulation and the Framework Directive aim to take into account potential phytosanitary problems and therefore specifically allow for derogations for certain measures. The derogations aim at ensuring e.g. a better supply of PPPs for so-called minor crops and at allowing the use of PPPs in case of serious danger for plant health. According to the general survey results, a minority of MS and of stakeholders considers that the CPHR overlaps with the PPP legislation and that such overlapping could be a source of conflict/inconsistency. 246 Council Directive 91/414/EEC of 15 July 1991 concerning the placing of plant protection products on the market. 247 Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 October 2009 concerning the placing of plant protection products on the market and repealing Council Directives 79/117/EEC and 91/414/EEC. This regulation will be applicable as of 14 June 2011. 248 The Directive entered into force 25 November 2009. 249 IPM becomes obligatory as of 1 January 2014. Food Chain Evaluation Consortium 259
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PWN Key host plant(s) Estimated pot
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