2454 final report.pdf - Agra CEAS Consulting

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Evaluation of the Community Plant Health Regime: Final Report DG SANCO Evaluation Framework Contract Lot 3 (Food Chain) Type of benefit economic benefit environmental benefits CPHR successful for avoiding: introduction/ establishment containment/ slowing spread introduction/ establishment containment/ slowing spread Countries Plant Susceptible area (in number of plants/trees, ha) Czech Republic ornamental trees 627500 ha Estonia Rhododendron No data available Latvia Not specified No data available Lithuania ornamental nursery plants 100 ha (nurseries of ornamental plants, private gardens, etc. Slovenia deciduous trees 683,218 ha (forest area with > 25% deciduous trees) Sweden Not specified No data available France Rhododendron 1 890 nurseries and garden centres Ireland Not specified No data available Spain Rhododendrom, 712 nurseries Camellia and 102 gardens and public Viburnum gardens 352 forest masses UK Not specified No data available Czech Republic ornamental trees 627.500 ha of deciduous trees Finland Quercus No data available Slovakia Quercus No data available Slovenia deciduous trees 683,218 ha (forest area with > 25% deciduous trees) Belgium Rhododendron No data available Denmark Rhododendron, No data available Fagus, etc. Ireland Not specified No data available Netherlands Rhododendron, No data available Viburnum, Taxus, Fagus, Quercus rubra, Vaccinium, etc. Slovenia deciduous trees 683,218 ha (forest area with > 25% deciduous trees) Source: compiled by FCEC based on specific cost survey results Phytophthora ramorum is a fungus with many deciduous trees, ornamental plants and a few herbaceous plants as host-plants. The HO is found in particular in regions where there are susceptible host plants that are capable of supporting sporulation of the HO. The pathogen has been <strong>report</strong>ed from several EU countries, such as Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and the UK. The most suitable climatic locations for establishment are northern Portugal, north-western Spain, the southern tip of Spain, the Adriatic coast of the Balkan peninsula, south-western France, north-west France, northern coastal Spain, southern Turkey and western UK and south-west Ireland. Only climatically favourable areas are at risk. Phytophthora ramorum has also been recorded in the USA, Canada, Norway and Switzerland, from which the HO may have been imported. The origin is unknown, though it may also have FCEC 218
Evaluation of the Community Plant Health Regime: Final Report DG SANCO Evaluation Framework Contract Lot 3 (Food Chain) been introduced from Asia. In the absence of controls, the HO is likely to spread rapidly within trade networks. Economic benefits Ornamental plants are widely distributed and traded in the Community. There are no chemical treatments that can consistently eradicate the pathogen on infected plants. A large range of host plants are thus potentially at risk. Contaminated host plants need to be destroyed. The spread of Phytophthora ramorum would have in particular a direct impact on nurseries. The presence of the HO would affect the quality of nursery stock and therefore cause losses in export markets. Additional costs may arise from costs for surveillance, destruction and replacement of destroyed plants. Furthermore, income losses may derive from cropping or trade restrictions. Impacts on the environment may cause additional indirect economic impacts. The appearance of the HO impacts on the landscapes of the managed and historic gardens, and in turn may impact on tourism, with consequences on the local economy. Environmental benefits The host range of host plants which occur in the natural or semi-managed environment is very wide. There are many suitable habitats including: woodland, heathland, maquis, shrubland, and managed gardens, parks and public greens. Environmental risks are thus major. The presence of Phytophthora ramorum impacts the quality of plants in managed parks, gardens and public greens. Shrubs and trees in woodlands have become locally affected with some tree death, for example the coastal woodland environment of California where massive tree death had a major impact on the environment. Knock-on effects resulting from loss of tree are amongst others the disruption to the ecology of the area, loss of recreational areas in woodland, dead trees increasing the risk of accelerated water run off, and, resultant soil erosion and sedimentation, endangering of certain plant species, and risk from forest fires due to dead trees. 3.11.3.6 Conclusions on benefits In conclusion, through the measures it imposes, the CPHR has contributed both to the avoidance of the introduction of potentially injurious HOs and to slowing down their spread. The overall benefits of avoiding or delaying the introduction and spread of any HO in the EU are numerous, as is summarized in the following table: Table 3-26: Overall benefits of avoiding or delaying the introduction and spread of any HO in the EU Area Benefit Beneficiaries Agriculture Avoid/reduce agricultural losses (reduction in Importers/growers/farmers crop yields) Competition Some comparative advantage may arise due to Producers FCEC 219
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