OCTOBER 19-20, 2012 - YMCA University of Science & Technology

Proceedings of the National Conference on
Trends and Advances in Mechanical Engineering,
YMCA University of Science & Technology, Faridabad, Haryana, Oct 19-20, 2012
USE OF BIOGAS FOR COOKING PURPOSE IN A TECHNICAL
INSTITUTE: A VIEW POINT
SLIET, Longowal, Punjab, India
e-mail: indrajsliet@yahoo.co.in
Indraj Singh
Abstract
Energy crisis in world is increasing. There are limited resources of crude available on the earth. Price of LPG
increasing day by day. There is a lot off waste generated which have a problem of disposal. Bio gas production
condition in India is very high. The temperature conditions for the production of bio gas are very favorable
throughout the year and the availability of the bio degradable waste is in bulk. There is great need for the
development of the plants which should be based on the Kitchen waste, industrial waste and municipality waste
treatment. So author feel, there is a lot of potential to produce biogas from kitchen waste. SLIET is spreading in
451 acre area. More than four thousand students are staying in 13 boys and girls hostels and five hundred
families are also staying in residential area of SLIET campus. A survey is conducted at SLIET Longowal and
kitchen waste data collected from different mess, residential areas, shopping complex and restaurant. Survey
revealed that 600 kg/day of kitchen waste collected from residential area of faculty, staff, students mess and
other location. Biogas of more than 32 kg/day (2 LPG Cylinder/day) can be produced by using the biogas plant.
There is an expenditure of Rs 2.50 lacs in constructing a bio gas plant. Produced biogases have a potential to
replace a LPG already utilized for a cooking purpose of 250 student capacity in a hostel. The payback period is
around 1 year and 3 months approximately.
Keywords: Kitchen Waste, Biogas Plant, Anaerobic Digesters
1. Introduction
The biogas results from organic material anaerobic fermentation. The most important biogas components are
methane (CH 4 ), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and sulfuric components (H 2 S). The percentage composition of these
components as: methane 65-70%, carbon dioxide 30-35%, sulfuric components 1-2%. The bio gas can be
purified for its use in various applications.
The viability of bio gas production in India is very high. The temperature conditions for the production of bio gas
are very favourable throughout the year and the arability of the bio degradable waste is in bulk.
It is also possible to earn carbon credits for biogas-based power or heat generation in India. For instance, in Apr
2008, And hyodaya, a non-government agency working in the field of promoting water management and nonconventional
energy and social development distributed the first installment of the biogas carbon credit to
farmers in the state of Kerala. Andhyodaya had helped construct 15,000 biogas plants in the state and earned
carbon credits. This trend is likely to grow further.
The use of biogas for electricity generation in India is more recent, but this trend is accelerating. In many cities
across India, sewage treatment centers and organic waste treatment plants (those treating organic municipal solid
waste, for instance) already use anaerobic digesters to generate biogas and electricity. Some of the industries that
generate significant amounts of solid or liquid organic waste also have installed digesters and gas engines for
electricity production. Many of these require sizable investments, but it is estimated that they have a good return
on investment as the main feedstock that they use is essentially free.
1.1 Mechanism of Biogas Fermentation
Reactions:
The formation of methane from biomass follows in general the equation:
The products include, for example, the following:
Carbohydrates: C 6 H 12 O 6 → 3CO 2 + 3CH 4
Fats: C 12 H 24 O 6 + 3H 2 O → 4.5CO 2 + 7.5CH 4
Proteins: C 13 H 25 O 7 N 3 S + 6H 2 O → 6.5CO 2 + 6.5CH 4 + 3NH 3 + H 2 S
Because the sulphur remains in the residue and part of the CO 2 binds to NH 3 , the result in general is a biogas
composition of CH 4 :CO 2 = 71%:29%The ratio of CO 2 to CH 4 is determined by the reduction ratio of the
organic raw material. During the fermentation of glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ), CH 4 and CO 2 , for example, develop in
the ratio 1 : 1, since only if this is so is the balance of the redox values fulfilled: glucose has a reduction ratio of
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