OCTOBER 19-20, 2012 - YMCA University of Science & Technology

Proceedings of the National Conference on
Trends and Advances in Mechanical Engineering,
YMCA University of Science & Technology, Faridabad, Haryana, Oct 19-20, 2012
5. Gaps in Existing Literature
A limited work is done on compound casting processes till now. In many cases, one material alone does not
satisfy the requirements of lightweight constructions, and dissimilar joining between two metals must be needed.
A variety of attempts have been dedicated to joining meals and alloys using different fusion welding and solidstate
joining methods such as tungsten inert gas welding, laser welding, friction-stir welding, and vacuum
diffusion bonding. The major problem in these joining processes is the formation of much more intermetallic
compounds with a very high hardness and brittleness between two meats as an interlayer, which is deleterious to
the mechanical properties. However, solid-state joining processes such as friction-stir welding and vacuum
diffusion bonding can achieve relatively higher joining strengths compared to fusion methods, due to elimination
of defects like shrinkage, porosities and inclusions. In addition, long process time and high corresponding
operating cost of the vacuum diffusion bonding and specific requirements for the shape of the substrate in
friction-stir welding may render these solid-state joining processes not easy for practical and industrial
applications. Microstructure and EDX (energy dispersive x-ray) analysis are performed by some scientists
/researchers but Differential Thermal Analysis are not performed. Optimization of process parameters of
compound casting w.r.t. mechanical properties such as tensile strength, hardness, elongation and impact strength
etc. is not reported in literature till now.
6. Conclusion
It may be concluded from above studies that:
• The compound casting process presents a solution for meeting the demands of a specific application,
particularly in light weight constructions.
• The compound casting is the process which meets a wide range of requirements within one component
by combining different materials.
• It is possible to make light metal compound cast parts using the combination of light metals like Al-Al,
Mg-Mg and Al-Mg, Ti-Al, Cu-steel and Cu- grey cast iron etc.
• It is necessary to remove the natural oxide layer for complete diffusion at interface between solid and
melted metal.
• The zincate process followed by Zinc electroplating is the best way to remove the effect of oxide layer
at the interface.
• Formation of the interface in the compound casting process is diffusion controlled and usually the
interface consists of three different layers.
• Heat treatment formed reacted layers in the steel-copper interface. Furnace-cooling yielded the largest
interface shear strength, and water quenching yielded the least.
• The heat treatment results in an improvement of the mechanical properties of the AS7G matrix itself
when applied to Ti/AS7G assemblies. A significant increase of the load level characteristic for damage
onset is observed.
7. References
[1] E. Hajjari, M. Divandari,S. H. Razavi,S. M. Emami,T. Homma,S. Kamado,(2011) “Dissimilar joining of
Al/Mg light metals by compound casting process.”, Journal of Material Science 46:6491–6499.
[2] O. Dezellus, M. Zhe, F. Bosselet, D. Rouby, J.C. Viala,(2011) “Mechanical testing of titanium/aluminium–
silicon interface: Effect of T6 heat treatment.”, Materials Science and Engineering A 528, 2795–2803
[3] M. Rübner, M. Günzl, C. Körner, R.F. Singer,(2011) “Aluminium–aluminium compound fabrication by high
pressure die casting.”, Materials Science and Engineering A 528, 7024– 7029
[4] K.J.M. Papis, J.F. Löffler, P.J. Uggowitzer, (2010)“Interface formation between liquid and solid Mg alloys—
An approach to continuously metallurgic joining of magnesium parts.”, Materials Science and Engineering A
527, 2274–2279.
[5] M. Mehdi Hejazi, M. Divandari, E. Taghaddos, (2009)“Effect of copper insert on the microstructure of gray
iron produced via lost foam casting.”, Materials and Design 30, 1085–1092
[6] Konrad J. M. Papis, Joerg F. Loeffler & Peter J. Uggowitzer,(2009) “Light metal compound casting.”,Science
in China Series E: Technological Sciences, vol. 52, no. 1, 46-51
[7] M. Paramsothy, N. Srikanth, M. Gupta,(2008) “Solidification processed Mg/Al bimetal macrocomposite:
Microstructure and mechanical properties.” Journal of Alloys and Compounds 461, 200–208
[8] K.J.M. Papis a, B. Hallstedt b, J.F. Lo¨ffler a, P.J. Uggowitzer, (2008)“Interface formation in aluminium–
aluminium compound casting.”, Acta Materialia 56, 3036–3043.
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