Pediatric Informatics: Computer Applications in Child Health (Health ...

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434 G.R. Kim and S.T. Rosenbloom predictive and the ability to display both the relationships between various components and the pathways from the contributing factors to the outcome. 25 33.5 Terminology Tools A number of tools are available for research and development of terminologies and these are summarized in Table 33.2. Table 33.2 Terminology tools (last accessed 2 December 2008) Tool Terminologies Comments The UMLS ® and MetaMap ® Many The Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) ® from the National Library of Medicine links 100 + medical terminologies by concept and semantic relationships. Contains SNOMED CT ® for free use by developers (user agreement required) URL: https://kscas.nlm.nih.gov:8443/cas/ login?service=http://umlsks.nlm.nih.gov/ uPortal/Login ICD codes ICD 9, 10. International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) The International Classification of Diseases in database format f rom the National Center for Health Statistics URL: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/icd9.htm Relma ® LOINC ® The Regenstrief LOINC Mapping Assistant facilitates searches through the Logical Objects, Indicators, Names, and Codes database URL: http://loinc.org/relma MeSH ® browser SNOMED CT ® browsers Medical Entities Dictionary (MED) MeSH ® The Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) ® are used to index and retrieve journal article citations from the MEDLINE/PubMed ® database via the Entrez ® interface URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/ entrez?db=mesh SNOMED CT ® SNOMED CT ® is now owned by the International Health Terminology Standards Development Organisation (IHTSDO). A number of browsers exist for accessing content URL: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/ Snomed/snomed_browsers.html MED The Medical Entities Dictionary (MED) is a large concepts repository developed and used at the New York Presbyterian Hospital in New York URL: http://med.dmi.columbia.edu/browser.htm
33 The Case for a Pediatric Terminology 435 33.6 Conclusion Terminologies are an essential part of the US health care and health information technology infrastructures. There is currently a need establish an agenda to extend currently available and adopted terminologies to represent pediatric knowledge within clinical workflows to improve safety and documentation of work. This effort will require the coordination of pediatric clinicians and informaticians familiar with the terminology needs of pediatric workflows. 33.7 Additional Topics 33.7.1 Messaging Standards In addition to terminologies, the Consolidated Health Informatics initiative specifies four messaging standards for use in eGovernment health related transactions (Table 33.3). Messaging standards are related to but differ from terminologies in that they specify the electronic structure of health information, that is, the way it is packaged for transmission, exchange, management, and integration, including specifications for hardware, software, language, and security requirements for encoding and decoding: Text and numeric healthcare information (Health Level Seven) 28 Imaging data: Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) 29 Electronic prescription (National Council for Prescription Drug Programs (NCPDP) SCRIPT) 30 33.7.2 Natural Language Processing Clinical terminologies may be used for structured entry of information by humans (such as diagnostic and procedural coding to describe clinical encounters for billing) or for automated extraction of concepts from free text (natural language processing or NLP) for summarization from pathology reports, 31 patient summaries, 32 journal Table 33.3 Consolidated Health Informatics messaging domains and standards Domain Standard Imaging Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) Medical devices Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 1073 (IEEE 1073) Pharmacy National Council for Prescription Drug Programs (NCPDP) SCRIPT Clinical Health Level Seven (HL7)
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Health Informatics (formerly Comput
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Editors Christoph U. Lehmann George
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vi Series Preface changes to both t
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viii Foreword This text will prove
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x Preface financial investment and
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How to Use This book This book is t
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xvi Contents 9 Pediatric Care, Safe
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xviii Contents Part VII A Vision an
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xx Contributors Donna M. D’Alessa
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xxii Contributors Christoph U. Lehm
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xxiv Contributors Mark M. Simonian,
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4 G.R. Kim pharmacy, medical educat
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6 K.B. Johnson and G.R. Kim Deaths
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8 K.B. Johnson and G.R. Kim 2.4.1 I
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10 K.B. Johnson and G.R. Kim 2.4.3
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12 K.B. Johnson and G.R. Kim Educat
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14 K.B. Johnson and G.R. Kim 2.6 Co
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Chapter 3 Core Pediatric Data Kevin
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3 Core Pediatric Data 21 3.3 Pediat
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3 Core Pediatric Data 23 3.6 Pediat
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Chapter 4 Neonatal Care and Data De
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4 Neonatal Care and Data 27 Essenti
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4 Neonatal Care and Data 29 4.3 The
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4 Neonatal Care and Data 31 some ma
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4 Neonatal Care and Data 33 Measure
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4 Neonatal Care and Data 35 4.5.2.4
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4 Neonatal Care and Data 37 4.6.3 I
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4 Neonatal Care and Data 39 4.7.2.2
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4 Neonatal Care and Data 41 Availab
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44 D.M.N. Paperny Tasks related to
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46 D.M.N. Paperny Behavioral risk d
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48 D.M.N. Paperny for outside ancil
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50 D.M.N. Paperny Video reinforceme
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52 D.M.N. Paperny 3. Litzelman DK,
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Chapter 6 Children with Development
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6 Children with Developmental Disor
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Chapter 7 Pediatric Emergency and P
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7 Pediatric Emergency and Pediatric
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84 W.H. Drummond et al. A recovery
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86 W.H. Drummond et al. 8.2.2 Forma
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88 W.H. Drummond et al. 8.2.2.1 Sys
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90 W.H. Drummond et al. The multidi
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92 W.H. Drummond et al. noise overl
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94 W.H. Drummond et al. needs requi
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96 W.H. Drummond et al. Children’
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98 W.H. Drummond et al. After the P
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100 W.H. Drummond et al. Table 8.2
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104 W.H. Drummond et al. when to su
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106 W.H. Drummond et al. It is crit
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108 W.H. Drummond et al. traditiona
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110 W.H. Drummond et al. and human
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112 W.H. Drummond et al. blood prod
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116 W.H. Drummond et al. 35. Collin
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Chapter 9 Pediatric Care, Safety, a
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9 Pediatric Care, Safety, and Stand
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134 D.M. D’Alessandro The EBM pro
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136 D.M. D’Alessandro 10.4 Pragma
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138 D.M. D’Alessandro 4. Case ser
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140 D.M. D’Alessandro Ontario, BC
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142 D.M. D’Alessandro Table 10.1
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144 D.M. D’Alessandro Children ar
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146 D.M. D’Alessandro 17. Ely JW,
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Chapter 11 Clinical Practice Guidel
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11 Clinical Practice Guidelines: Su
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162 M.J. Feldman in patients withou
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164 M.J. Feldman The art of medicin
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166 M.J. Feldman important design g
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168 M.J. Feldman Incorrect or missi
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170 M.J. Feldman Fig. 12.4 GIDEON D
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172 M.J. Feldman system or etiology
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174 M.J. Feldman ED-12: “Practica
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176 M.J. Feldman Fig. 12.7 DXplain:
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178 M.J. Feldman For GIDEON: Rabies
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180 M.J. Feldman KB on infectious d
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182 M.J. Feldman 4. Johnson KB, Fel
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Chapter 13 Managing Pediatric Knowl
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13 Managing Pediatric Knowledge Res
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Chapter 14 Supporting Continuing Pe
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14 Supporting Continuing Pediatric
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14 Supporting Continuing Pediatric
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Chapter 15 Pediatric Care Coordinat
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15 Pediatric Care Coordination: The
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Chapter 16 Prioritizing Pediatric I
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16 Prioritizing Pediatric Investmen
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Chapter 17 Aligning Pediatric Ambul
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17 Aligning Pediatric Ambulatory Ne
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258 G.R. Kim and C.U. Lehmann Elect
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260 G.R. Kim and C.U. Lehmann 18.2.
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262 G.R. Kim and C.U. Lehmann There
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264 G.R. Kim and C.U. Lehmann 13. C
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266 K.B. Johnson and C.G.M. Weigle
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280 C. Sable et al. computer for la
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282 C. Sable et al. Table 20.3 Tele
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284 C. Sable et al. without increas
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286 C. Sable et al. Fig. 20.1b Wash
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288 C. Sable et al. prior to case d
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290 C. Sable et al. presence of con
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292 C. Sable et al. 17. Sable C, Ro
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294 A.E. Zuckerman and G.R. Kim 21.
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296 A.E. Zuckerman and G.R. Kim �
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Chapter 22 Privacy Issues David M.N
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22 Privacy Issues 305 22.3 Pediatri
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22 Privacy Issues 307 patient must
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22 Privacy Issues 309 and receipt o
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Chapter 23 Electronic Mail in Pedia
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23 Electronic Mail in Pediatric Pra
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Chapter 24 Information Management b
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24 Information Management by Patien
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Chapter 25 Overview of Pediatric In
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25 Overview of Pediatric Inpatient
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Chapter 26 Prescribing/Ordering: Co
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26 Prescribing/Ordering: Computeriz
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346 S.H. Mitchell et al. 27.2.1 Med
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348 S.H. Mitchell et al. context of
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350 S.H. Mitchell et al. 27.3.3.1 C
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352 S.H. Mitchell et al. challenges
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354 S.H. Mitchell et al. work round
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Chapter 28 Medication Administratio
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28 Medication Administration and In
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29 Understanding and Preventing Err
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