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Diversity of Journalisms. Proceedings of <strong>ECREA</strong>/CICOM Conference, Pamplona, 4-5 July 2011<br />

Ano<strong>the</strong>r article uses balance to discuss <strong>the</strong> relevance of <strong>the</strong> Climategate affair, and<br />

dismiss it as an event of lesser importance. This is an excerpt from an opinion article:<br />

The truth is that <strong>the</strong> scandal is not too relevant: “I just completed Mike’s trick in Nature<br />

of adding real temperature to each of <strong>the</strong> series for <strong>the</strong> last 20 years and since 1961 to<br />

those of Keith, in order to hide <strong>the</strong> drop”. It is not probably <strong>the</strong> most brilliant phrase that<br />

<strong>the</strong> director of a science institute can write, but trying to turn it into a proof of <strong>the</strong> fact<br />

that CC does not exists only reveals one thing: that critics have nothing better (…) <strong>the</strong><br />

concentration on CO2 in <strong>the</strong> atmosphere has no precedents in <strong>the</strong> last half million of<br />

years” 39 .<br />

The existence of an anthropogenic CC itself is <strong>the</strong> topic of an article in which balance is<br />

used. The main argument of <strong>the</strong> group of US republican congressmen in Copenhagen<br />

is “balanced” with <strong>the</strong> established scientific consensus:<br />

Their argument is that it is not proved that CC is originated by emission of greenhouse<br />

effect gasses derived from burning fossil fuel, in spite of <strong>the</strong> thousands of scientists<br />

who have proved it 40 .<br />

In fact, <strong>the</strong> consensus on <strong>the</strong> existence of anthropogenic CC is clearly stated in o<strong>the</strong>r<br />

articles, in which <strong>the</strong> norm of balance is not used. An opinion article, published on <strong>the</strong><br />

very day of <strong>the</strong> beginning of <strong>the</strong> conference, reads as follows:<br />

The aim is not to argue if <strong>the</strong>re is a CC or not, and <strong>the</strong> causes of this change, which are<br />

sufficiently well known, but <strong>the</strong> measures we must take and <strong>the</strong> cost (and how to share<br />

<strong>the</strong>m) which we are ready to accept 41 .<br />

As it is self-evident from table 2, <strong>the</strong> coverage of <strong>the</strong> Copenhagen summit in El Mundo<br />

is very different, compared to El País, as far as <strong>the</strong> use of <strong>the</strong> norm of balance is<br />

concerned. The first difference is that balance is used more often (22.6% of <strong>the</strong><br />

Esta fecha ha sido debatida por especialistas en glaciares y tachada, por algunos, de “alarmista”. Pero<br />

organizaciones como el prestigioso Servicio de Monitoreo de los Glaciares del Mundo (WGMS, en sus siglas<br />

inglesas), respaldada<br />

por la ONU, acepta que “los glaciares del Himalaya, en su mayoría, están en un estado de rápido y sustancial<br />

repliegue”. Aunque aseguran que no es probable que lleguen a desaparecer por completo en las próximas<br />

décadas”. El País, 9-12-2009, p. 33.<br />

39 Perro la verdad es que el fondo del escándalo no da para mucho: “Acabo de completar el truco de Mike en Nature<br />

de añadir la temperatura real a cada una de las series para los últimos 20 años y desde 1961 para las de Keith para<br />

ocultar el descenso”. No es probablemente la frase más brillante que pueda escribir el director de un instituto<br />

científico, pero intentar convertirla en la prueba de que el cambio climático no existe sólo revela una cosa: que los<br />

críticos no tienen nada mejor que echarse a la boca. (...).la concentración de dióxido de carbono en la atmósfera no<br />

tiene precedentes en el último medio millón de años. Así de claro. El País, 7-12-2009, p. 22.<br />

40 “Su argumento es que no está probado que el cambio climático tenga origen en las emisiones de gases de efecto<br />

invernadero por la quema de combustibles fósiles, pese a los miles de científicos que lo han probado”. El País, 19-<br />

12-2009, p. 40.<br />

41 Ya no se trata de polemizar sobre si hay o no CC y las causas de este cambio, suficientemente contrastadas, sino<br />

las medidas que hay que tomar y los costes (y su reparto) que se están dispuestos a asumir. El País, 7-12-2009, p.<br />

19.<br />

189

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