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Diversity of Journalisms. Proceedings of ECREA/CICOM Conference, Pamplona, 4-5 July 2011 what to publish in which form were made at a newsdesk. This result applied to all different types of media. Thus, as for the structure of journalistic organisations changes of the media landscape did not lead to diversity. During the last 20 years the structure and organisation of news production happened to be similar throughout different types of media. Hence, the paper emphasises that change does not necessarily mean diversity: instead, convergence processes with regard to the structure of editorial offices are a striking result generated by the research project. Additionally, an increasing cooperation and collaboration of staff as well as the exchange of media content between the print, broadcast and online departments of a media company could further be examined – results that also show convergence developments. Paper panel 3 – Journalism practice in the World Monday, July 4th 11.00 - 12.30 (Room 3) Producing a New(s) View of the Arab World? Studying the Professional Knowledge and Practices of Al Jazeera Journalists. Al Habsi, Maiya Media and mass communication, Leicester University, Leicester, United Kingdom This presentation reports on ongoing PhD research into the professional production of the Al Jazeera news programme. On entering their newsroom in Qatar, the project has sought to examine the significant differences between Al Jazeera and other news provision in the Arab region in relation to journalistic understandings and practices in the news production domain. Its specific aim to explore how Al Jazeera news outputs are shaped in accordance with this unique news form is new to Arab news studies generally; an approach that developed more recently in UK news scholarship. This approach rejects assumptions that news programmes and their production can be understood as homogenised and standardized, respectively and embraces news differentiation as an important aspect of the Arab news ecology. This paper will introduce the unique characteristics of Al Jazeera news programme, commenting on their ongoing formation in accordance with journalist’s understandings of their communities’ culture, audience images, knowledge of ongoing politics and experience of political pressure and how such a news form shapes and delimits the progressive possibilities of the programme. Additionally, it will introduce the project’s unique methodology which combines the use of observation, in depth interviews and content analyses in the effort to capture the connection between professional understandings, practices and the shaping of the news programme. 396
Diversity of Journalisms. Proceedings of ECREA/CICOM Conference, Pamplona, 4-5 July 2011 The Absence of Americanisation—media systems development in six developed democracies, 2000-2009 Nielsen, Rasmus Kleis Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism, Oxford University, Oxford, England “Americanisation” is one of the most frequently used and mis-used terms in discussions of international media developments, a supposed trend much feared by Europeans who are (sometimes justifiably) proud of the distinct qualities of their media systems. In this paper, I present a comparative institutional analysis drawing on media and communications studies (Hallin/Mancini 2004), political science (Hall/Soskice 2001) and sociology (Campbell/Pedersen 2001) and based on data on developments in media markets, media use, and media regulation in six developed democracies (the US, the UK, France, Italy, Germany, and Finland) from 2000 to 2009. I argue that, despite frequent predictions of progressive “system convergence” (Humphreys 1996; Hallin/Mancini 2004; Hardy 2008), the last decade has been characterized by an “absence of Americanisation” of the news institutions in the five European countries considered. National institutional differences have remained persistent in a time of otherwise profound change. This finding is of considerable importance for understanding journalism and its role in democracy, since a growing body of research suggests that “liberal” (market-dominated) media systems like the American one increase the information gap between the advantaged and the disadvantaged, have lower electoral turnout, and may lead large parts of the population to tune out of public life. The finding also has theoretical implications, since the supposed drivers of system convergence—commercialisation and technological innovation—have played a very prominent role during the period studied, suggesting we need to rethink the role of economic and technological factors (and their interplay with other variables) in media system developments. The Global Journalist in the 21st Century: A Comparative Look at the Backgrounds, Beliefs and Values of Journalists Around the World Willnat, Lars; Weaver, David School of Journalism, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA This paper is based on a forthcoming book entitled The Global Journalist in the 21st Century, which includes chapters that describe the demographic backgrounds and role perceptions of journalists in more than 30 nations. The data for each chapter come from representative surveys conducted in these countries during the past 10 years. Overall, the various national surveys include responses from more than 30,000 journalists who work in Asia, Europe, South and North America, and the Middle East. We propose to present a summary of the findings we have collected in the book. We are primarily interested in providing an overview of who the global journalists are and what kind of role perceptions and values they might share. Based on our findings, we will compare the basic demographic characteristics (age, gender, education, etc.) of journalists from 30 nations as well as their role perceptions (watchdog, objective, 397
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