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Diversity of Journalisms. Proceedings of ECREA/CICOM Conference, Pamplona, 4-5 July 2011 To answer this question, we conducted a content analysis of academic articles published in seven peer-reviewed English language journalism journals. The sample comprises articles published in the following journals (volumes 2008 and 2009): Brazilian Journalism Research, Ecquid Novi: African Journalism Studies, Journalism & Communication Monographs, Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, Journalism Studies, Journalism – Theory, Practice and Criticism, Pacific Journalism Review. Not only abstracts but complete articles were encoded. The code-book consists of 18 quantitative and qualitative variables pointing at the following questions of which the results are indicators of the diversity (or uniformity) of journalism studies: • Which theoretical approaches are applied? Above all, theoretical concepts relating to analytical empirism. • Which field of journalism research do most of the studies belong to? Communicator research and research on media content prevail. • Does the academic research address the multifaceted media environment or does it focus on few specific topics? The articles show by some means diversity, but the vast majority dealt with classical mass media (particularly newspapers). • Which methods are used? Content analysis is the predominant research method while surveys, observations, and other research methods are less represented. • Do researchers apply multi-methodological research designs? Rarely. • Do they stick to a national perspective or do they resort to international comparisons? Journalism research mostly sticks to a national perspective. • Do researchers rather turn towards user-generated or professional content? Even those who chose the internet as research object mostly examined professional content. • How many articles do treat gender questions? Very few. In sum, the paper will lay open gaps and desiderata, draw conclusions and suggest possible improvements for future journalism studies in an emerging media landscape. 436
Diversity of Journalisms. Proceedings of ECREA/CICOM Conference, Pamplona, 4-5 July 2011 Tools to analyze interactivity in online news Codina, Lluís; Díaz Noci, Javier Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain Interactivity is one of the most intuitive concepts, but at the same time, one of the most difficult one to be defined with some rigor. Anyway, when studying online media, there is some agreement in order to focus the concept around four axes: 1. Navigation / Access: from this axis a user can develop some interactive actions to move across the contents. Although these are in fact different concepts from different points of view, in this first group information research and navigation are usually included. 2. Communication / Participation. This axis is about communication amongst medium and user, or amongst journalists and readers. It is also referred to citizen journalism, defined as content contributions by users to the medium. 3. Adaptation: Adaptive interactivity is about a system capability which allows users to adapt it to their needs or interests. Obviously, aspects related to the interface, content selection and hierarchy are also important in online media. 4. Contents. Digital environment comprehends also an interactivity dimension linked to the different information morphologies in which contents are expressed: text, sound and video. Each one of these morphologies can appear through different interactive actions. For example, video is a communication system which incorporates a time flow. But, today, an unresolved aspect, we are interested in developing an integral approach to interaction, because most of the academic work on this subject treats just some of the mentioned axis, but not all of them as a whole and not even researching the logic relations amongst them. The objective of our communication will be to present some tools to analyze interactivity, taking into account the different axis explained above, and the primary results of their application to a sample of relevant online national and international newspapers to check and, eventually, to prove the validity of these tools. 437
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