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Diversity of Journalisms. Proceedings of ECREA/CICOM Conference, Pamplona, 4-5 July 2011 User-Generated Content in online print journalism: Literature review and suggestions for a new research agenda Milioni, Dimitra L; Papa, Venetia; Vadratsikas, Konstantinos Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus Although User-Generated Content (UGC) has only recently emerged as a new feature of online print journalism, it was rapidly adopted by a wide range of online news publications, mainly in the form of readers-originated comments that are attached to news articles and may be radically transforming the core journalistic product (the news). This development generates new riddles and opportunities for mainstream media, as it challenges traditional public broadcasting models by raising citizens’ ability to participate in public discussion and allowing them greater engagement in news production. Many researchers favor that a new generation of media “prod-users” is emerging (Bruns 2005), where citizens, assisted by new ICTs, assume a major role in information gathering and reporting in the online public sphere (Bazalgette 2006). Yet scarce but growing evidence has so far shown that this phenomenon takes the form of citizen, open-source (Deuze, 2001), participatory (Bowman and Willis, 2002), networked (Javis, 2006), and grassroots (Gilmor, 2004) journalism. The paper’s first aim is to look at how we study the phenomenon of User-Generated Content. Through a comprehensive literature review, we seek to answer the following questions: What do we currently know about UGC uses and effects on multiple aspects of journalism and citizen engagement in the public sphere? Which aspects have been thoroughly examined and which remain unexplored? Which methods have UGC researchers employed so far and what are the limitations of these methods? Drawing from the conclusions of the literature review, this paper argues that future research should go beyond the one-sided approach prevailing so far (focusing mainly on how news organizations integrate UGC in the professional news making process) and attempt to understand the multidimensional character of online textual and discursive activity developed by readers in online news environments. A new research agenda for exploring the uses and effects of content production by news readers is presented and discussed. Narratology of (online) news Díaz Noci, Javier Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain We aim to explain how news in the digital environment are constructed and presented, applying some related methods to the study of discourse and the message. We will take into account the different trends of narratology. The methodology consists on analyzing online newspapers trying to determine which kind of narratology and thematic recurrence strategies are being used in nowadays news. 400
Diversity of Journalisms. Proceedings of ECREA/CICOM Conference, Pamplona, 4-5 July 2011 If news are nothing but a narration, then items such as voice, narration situation, mood, time and characters can be analyzed just as it would be done in any other narrative text. Following Jahn, Bal and other scholars, we will underline the use of descriptive and narrative forms, levels of narrations and enbedded narrative texts (especially, the way hypertext extend this capacity), sequence, rhythm (a couple of aspects hypertextual narrations can modify as well) and frequency. Events, actors, time (duration, chronology, etc.) and location will be also studied. Most especially, we will try to deeply distinguish features inherent to online journalism as a media, apart from these other traditional invariants and features. We also try to explain which are the structures of the hypertextual news. As professor Teun van Dijk did in his book News as discourse, we will try to explain if the structures (macro and microstructures) of news remain the same after all these years and if hypertextual construction has introduced some kind of changes in this structures. And, after all, whether all these changes are creating a particular rhetoric of online news. Finally, we will try to find out whether we can propose a typology of online news (online cybertexts, using Espen Aarseth’s words) and whether a catalogue of criteria to define online information genres can be offered as well. International online media are analyzed: Nytimes.com, Lemonde.fr, Larepubblica.it, Guardian Unlimited Clarín.com and Asahi Shimbun.jp (English version). The influence of Anglo-American Journalism in the Spanish Journalism tradition López Pan, Fernando School of Communication, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain It is well known the thesis that Journalism, as we know it, is an Anglo-American invention (Chalaby: 1996, 303). In Chalaby´s view, the concept of news, the discursive practices of the reporter, the interview, the fact–centered story build in a specific way, the separation fact–opinion and objectivity –characterized as the sum of several factors: neutrality, impartiality, balance and fairness, reluctance to take sides in the political process, truthfulness, factuality, accuracy and completeness- (1998, 130)– are products originated in the Anglo-American journalism, that then influenced other traditions. Although that from a global perspective, taking into account the empirical reality, not the normative one, that model do not fits the rest of the World (Josephine, 2005), it is clear that for various reasons (including international dominance), the Anglo- American model has influenced at least in the Western journalism. Chalaby showed that influence in the French case, which considers "the first manifestation of the hegemony of Anglo-American culture throughout the world" (1996, 323), but nothing has been published in the Anglo-American academic world about the undoubted influence of that model in Spanish journalism. This paper will study the influences of Anglo-American model in Spanish Journalism tradition through the textbooks of 401
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