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Diversity of Journalisms. Proceedings of ECREA/CICOM Conference, Pamplona, 4-5 July 2011 Regarding questions of transdisciplinarity we wanted to know whether the scientists in their research stuck only and purely to the field of journalism or whether their research was tangent to other fields. The findings (table 8) show that most of the studies affected interrelated areas like politics, technology, history, but also advertising, public relations, and entertainment. Disciplinary links Frequency Percentage Politics 141 40.4 Technology 52 14.9 History 35 10.0 Advertising 30 8.6 Public relations 16 4.6 Entertainment 13 3.7 Economy 9 2.6 Other (culture, law, military, religion, science, sports etc.) 8 2.3 No specific disciplinary link 45 12.9 Total 349 100.0 Tab. 8: Disciplinary links Researchers in our discipline have their specific perspective but from this “journalism” point of view broaden their scope and conduct research that is of importance to connected scientific disciplines like for example political or historical studies. In an open string we coded the specific topics of the articles and afterwards built categories if some topics were mentioned over average. 4.6 percent of the articles laid their focus on globalization or Europeanization of journalism. 5.4 percent treated questions of profession and professionalization. A quite astonishing amount of 8.0 percent concentrated explicitly on gender or race aspects. Very few articles covered tabloidization or yellow press. Higher percentages were achieved by the following issues: Articles dealing with topics like ethics, values or normative demands in journalism were 16.0 percent of the total. Quality aspects in general were the topic of 12.6 percent of the articles. The quality debate thus is recognized but not thoroughly discussed in the journalism field. 20.6 percent of the studies dealt with aspects regarding structure and organisation in journalism e.g. in editorial offices or news rooms but also structures imposed from, for example, regulatory authorities. 208
Diversity of Journalisms. Proceedings of ECREA/CICOM Conference, Pamplona, 4-5 July 2011 Conclusion As new theories in journalism studies make the field more complex and heterogeneous, journalism researchers have to trace the new approaches attentively. Crucial desiderata will be that they perceive journalism as a global phenomenon, taking into account its cultural, economic and political variety, and that they will enhance a meta-theoretical discourse, holding the balance of disciplinarity and transdisciplinarity in journalism studies. References Hanitzsch, T. (2009). Comparative Journalism Studies. In K. Wahl-Jorgensen & T. Hanitzsch Eds.), Handbook of Journalism Studies (pp. 413-427). New York: Routledge. Löffelholz, M. (2003). Kommunikatorforschung: Journalistik. In G.Bentele & H.-B. Brosius & O. Jarren (Eds.), Öffentliche Kommunikation (pp. 28-53). Wiesbaden: Westdeutscher Verlag. Löffelholz, M.; Weaver, D. (Eds.) (2008), Global Journalism Research. Theories, Methods, Findings, Future. Malden et al.: Blackwell. Rühl, M. (1980), Journalismus und Gesellschaft. Bestandsaufnahme und Theorieentwurf. Mainz: Hase und Koehler. Rühl, M. (1969), Die Zeitungsredaktion als organisiertes soziales System. Bielefeld: Bertelsmann Universitätsverlag. Traquina, N. (2005a), Teorias do Jornalismo. Volume I. Porque as notícias são como são. Second edition. Florianópolis: Insular. Traquina, N. (2005b), Teorias do Jornalismo. Volume II. A tribo jornalística – uma comunidade interpretativa transnacional. Second edition. Florianópolis: Insular. Wahl-Jorgensen, K.; Hanitzsch, T. (Eds.), Handbook of Journalism Studies. New York: Routledge. Wasserman, H.; Beer, A. S. de (2009), Towards De-Westernizing Journalism Studies. In K. Wahl-Jorgensen & T. Hanitzsch (Eds.), Handbook of Journalism Studies (pp. 428- 438). New York: Routledge. Weaver, D. (1998), The Global Journalist: News people around the world. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press. Weaver, D.; Löffelholz, M. (2008), Questioning National, Cultural, and Disciplinary Boundaries. A Call for Global Journalism Research. In M. Löffelholz & D. Weaver 209
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