Evaluating Alternative Operations Strategies to Improve Travel Time ...

SHRP 2 L11: Final Appendices
On the Tappan Zee Bridge toll plaza in New York City, a manual toll lane can accommodate 400 to 450 vehicles per hour, while an
electronic lane peaks at 1,000 vehicles per hour (4).
On the Oklahoma Turnpike, the cost to operate an ETC lane is approximately 91 percent less than the cost to staff a traditional toll
lane (5).
A b/c analysis performed for an ETC in Taiwan revealed a b/c ratio of 3.23:1 in terms of user benefits (10).
• Energy/Environment: An evaluation of electronic toll collection systems at three major toll plazas outside Baltimore, Maryland
indicated these systems reduced environmentally harmful emissions by 16% to 63% (1).
• Customer Satisfaction: "1. Survey data from approximately 500 businesses in London indicated that 69% of respondents felt that
congestion charging had no impact on their business, 22% reported positive impacts on their business, and 9% reported an overall
negative impact (1).
Public support in California for variable tolling on SR91 was initially low, but after 18 months of operations; nearly 75% of the
commuting public expressed approval of virtually all aspects of the Express Lanes program (2).
Cordon Pricing (Area wide)
• Mobility: During the first few months of the Congestion charging program in London, automobile traffic declined by about 20
percent in the charge zone (a reduction of about 20,000 vehicles per day). Overall, peak period congestion delay inside the
charging zone decreased by about 30 percent after approximately one year after the system was implemented. Average traffic
speed during charging days (including time stopped at intersections) increased 37 percent, from 8 mi/hr (13 km/hr) prior to the
charge, up to 11 mi/hr (17 km/hr) after pricing was introduced (1).
After 3 years of operation, access control zone in the historic core of Rome revealed a decrease by 15% to 20% in traffic, increase
on average speeds by 4% and public transportation use increase by 5% percent (27).
In Stockholm, Sweden, a cordon pricing scheme is being implemented and estimated impacts include a 10% to 15% reduction in
traffic into the city center during peak periods and a 7% increase in public transportation use (27).
• Efficiency: Congestion pricing in London decreased inner city traffic by about 20 percent and generates more than £97 million
each year for transit improvements (1).
Cordon charging in London increased bus ridership by 14 percent and subway ridership by about 1 percent. Taxi travel costs
declined by 20 to 40 percent due to the reduced delays which enabled taxi drivers to cover more miles per hour, service more
riders, and decrease operating costs per passenger-mile (1).
Congestion mitigating benefits of cordon charging in London enabled taxi drivers to cover more miles per hour, service more
riders, and decrease operating costs per passenger-mile (5).
ADDITIONAL DESCRIPTION AND QUANTITATIVE BENEFITS OF TRAVEL-TIME RELIABILITY STRATEGIES Page F-43