Evaluating Alternative Operations Strategies to Improve Travel Time ...

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SHRP 2 L11: Final Report Vehicle Technologies Another set of strategies involves in-vehicle driver assistance systems. Vehicle Infrastructure Integration (VII) (previously referred to as Vehicle-Infrastructure Integration, VII) is a research program focused on enabling wireless communications among motor vehicles and between motor vehicles and roadside infrastructures. Researchers, auto manufacturers, and Federal and State transportation officials are currently working together to make that vision a reality. By enabling wireless connectivity with and between vehicles, between vehicles and the roadway, and with devices such as consumer electronics, Vehicle Infrastructure Integration (VII) has the potential to transform roadway user safety, mobility, and environmental impacts in the near future. Table 6.4 provides a summary of the key strategies and the examples presented in this section. The possible impact on reliability, SWOT, the level of technology involved with each strategy application and the possible application to the sources of congestion are noted. Vehicle controls, propulsion systems, fuels, and safety equipment will improve because the private sector will respond to consumer demand. The safety equipment will include vehicle information; front, side, and rear object detection; and crash protection devices. The challenge will be to integrate onboard information with traffic controls, toll collection (real time pricing), multimodal information, and treatments that expedite freight deliveries. Incident and Special Event Management Incidents and special events are significant sources of unreliability. Incident management systems can reduce the effects of incident-related congestion by decreasing the time needed to detect incidents, the time it takes emergency response to arrive, and the time required to restore traffic to normal conditions. Disruption management deals with incident prevention (pre event) and incident clearance (post event). Similarly, strategies that address special events relate to traffic management before and during such events could include signal control, ramp metering, and ramp closures. Incident management systems make use of a variety of surveillance technologies as well as enhanced communications and other technologies that facilitate coordinated responses to incidents. Strategies such as service patrols shorten the response time for incidents. Table 6.5 provides a summary of the key strategies and the examples presented in this section. The possible impact on reliability, SWOT, the level of technology involved with each strategy application and the possible application to the sources of congestion are noted. Incident detection can be rapid and accurate if agencies act to enable this to occur. Transportation Management Systems can be regional or even statewide, depending on the degree of congestion and the level of coordination that is achieved among agencies. The key challenge in managing incidents will be in consolidating control and fostering coordination among jurisdictions. By addressing this challenge, emergency responders will be able to clear incidents more quickly and infrastructure investments can be shared among agencies – allowing innovations to be implemented sooner. OPERATIONS STRATEGIES AND TREATMENTS TO IMPROVE TRAVEL-TIME RELIABILITY Page 71
SHRP 2 L11: Final Report Table 6.4 Key Vehicle Technologies Strategies Strategy 3.1.Vehicle Infrastructure Integration 3.2.Driver Assistance Products Treatments Vehicle Infrastructure Integration (VII) Electronic Stability Control; Obstacle Detection Systems; Lane Change Assistance Systems; Lane Departure Warning Systems; Rollover Warning Systems; Road Departure Warning Systems; Forward Collision Warning Systems SWOT Technology Status Strengths Weakness Opportunities Threats Improve travel time estimation by capturing real time information Improves safety, adds convenience, reduces congestion Cost Cost System implementation would not only help with real time travel time estimation, but also with transportation planning (e.g. OD estimations) Desired by customers, Implemented by auto manufacturers Driver Privacy Low, Medium, High High High Current, Emerging, New New New Application to Sources of Congestion Traffic Control Devices Traffic Incidents Weather Fluctuation in Normal Traffic Traffic Incidents OPERATIONS STRATEGIES AND TREATMENTS TO IMPROVE TRAVEL-TIME RELIABILITY Page 72
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