Peacebuilding &conflict transformation A ... - Peaceworkafrica

More documents

Recommendations

Info

LevelsThe issues examined under dimension might be very different when looking at themwith the focus of different levels in a society. Context analysis proposes to analysethem from the perspective of three levels:▶ individual▶ group (organization)▶ community (society)Some general remarks concerning context analysis:▶ Be aware that crosscutting links exist between the dimensions and levels.▶ Find out positive (+), negative (–) and challenging (?) issues.▶ What are the attitudes and reactions?▶ Distinguish between rumour & reality, perception & facts.▶ Check out points of consensus, contradiction and use open-endedquestions.2. Conflict analysisConflict analysis is the process of examining and understanding the reality of a conflictfrom various perspectives. It describes the systematic study of the profile,causes, actors, and dynamics of conflict with the aim of gaining a thorough understandingof what is going on. In other words, it elicits the views of different groupsand places them into a broad analytical framework.The various aspects of a conflictthat are mentioned belowrelate to the three differentsides of a conflict andhave to be looked into fromthese perspectives:PersonProcessProblem124 I V. TO O L S F O R A N A LY S I S
Conflict analysis can be carried out at various levels: family, group, organization,community, district, regional, national, between states or even global. It is crucial toidentify the appropriate focus for the analysis as the issues and dynamics at the variouslevels differ, even though they may influence each other. For example, the aspectsanalysed on community level may be different from the national level although theyhave an impact on each other. Conflict analysis provides the foundation to understandthe conflict history, the interaction between the actors, the intervention andthe context. It is thus a central component of conflict transformation as it forms thebasis on which strategies can be developed and actions planned 2 .2.1 Aspects of conflictsA conflict has different aspects. In order to understand “what is going on” the variousaspects have to be identified, their relation with each other must be examined,and how the different aspects influence one another analysed. Some of the mostimportant aspects are:▶ Actors who are involved in the conflict (directly or indirectly).It also means their relationships to one another and their powerto change the situation.▶ Issues refer to what the parties claim the conflict is about(topics, contested goods…). They are specific and concrete. Very oftenproblems based on facts are less important than relationship problems,though conflicts are usually framed in factual terms.▶ Causes of the conflict refer to the visible and invisible reasons,the factors contributing to the conflict be it structural or those factorsthat triggered the conflict.▶ Context, circumstances, history of the conflict means the environmentin which the conflict emerged, the environment that is influencingthe way the conflict develops, the way the conflict has changed over time.▶ Dynamics of the conflict involves the mechanisms of escalationand de‐escalation, the occurrence of violence, influences from in‐ andoutside. It also includes, if there have been attempts to changethe conflict, what was constructive and what caused escalation.▶ Communication patterns relate to the ways and means of communicationamong the different actors. This refers to both actively involvedand passively influencing actors.▶ Consequences and future perspectives refer to the obvious short termand the possible long term effects of the conflict.2 . C o n f l i c t a n a l y s i s 125
Page 1:
Peacebuilding& conflict transformat
Page 5 and 6:
Peacebuilding& conflict transformat
Page 7 and 8:
Table of contentsEditors’ Forewor
Page 9 and 10:
2.1 Aspects of conflicts . . . . .
Page 11 and 12:
Editors’ forewordWhen Katharina S
Page 13 and 14:
ForewordDear user(s), this resource
Page 15 and 16:
This version is accompanied by the
Page 17 and 18:
process our social connectedness as
Page 19 and 20:
I.PEACE
Page 21 and 22:
Peace and striving for peace are at
Page 23 and 24:
▶ Peace is an interweaving of rel
Page 25 and 26:
peace encompasses all aspects of a
Page 27 and 28:
1.5 Strategies for peaceMahatma Gan
Page 29 and 30:
▶ International Convention on the
Page 31 and 32:
There is a great deal of human suff
Page 33 and 34:
2.2 Principles for peacebuildingThe
Page 35 and 36:
InfrastructureInfrastructure is req
Page 37 and 38:
ebuilding community structures, per
Page 39 and 40:
3.1 What is peace education?Peace e
Page 41 and 42:
NonviolenceNonviolence means that f
Page 43 and 44:
the fear of the one’s personal po
Page 45 and 46:
▶ Discover inner peace —this me
Page 47 and 48:
4.1.2 Peace as a research activity
Page 49 and 50:
II.COMMUNICATION
Page 51 and 52:
2. Facts about communication2.1 It
Page 53 and 54:
2.5 Implicit and explicit messagesA
Page 55 and 56:
2.7 Our own fantasySometimes one re
Page 57 and 58:
3.1 Verbal communication“Speech i
Page 59 and 60:
Facial expressions: show emotions o
Page 61 and 62:
Smelling using the nose to listen t
Page 63 and 64:
Intrapersonal communication … is
Page 65 and 66:
7. Receiving and sending7.1 The cyc
Page 67 and 68:
All four aspects must be properly r
Page 69 and 70:
Dimension of information/factual le
Page 71 and 72:
Additionally, a receiver whose self
Page 73 and 74:
8. Factors influencing the qualityo
Page 75 and 76: the listener is expected to clearly
Page 77 and 78: Set context and state the purpose o
Page 79 and 80: Keep in mind:▶ When overused, act
Page 81 and 82: Don’t say “You know something w
Page 83 and 84: 10.1.3 SummarizingA summary is simi
Page 85 and 86: ClarifyingClarifying means to use t
Page 87 and 88: Questioning techniques / Interrogat
Page 89 and 90: Obviously, before even thinking of
Page 91 and 92: Helpful - de-escalating effectExpre
Page 93: Additionally, people actively invol
Page 96 and 97: 1. Conflict - a fact of lifeSymbol
Page 98 and 99: 2. Social conflict2.1 What is typic
Page 100 and 101: Examples▶ Two people disagree on
Page 102 and 103: 2.3 Typical conflict behavioursThe
Page 104 and 105: conflict transformation skills as i
Page 106 and 107: AttitudeAttitude means the way an i
Page 108 and 109: Respect: self‐respect, personal i
Page 110 and 111: acquired by everyone. If dialogue a
Page 112 and 113: Sources of powerThere are various s
Page 114 and 115: . Needs and their classificationsHu
Page 116 and 117: or any other differentiating charac
Page 118 and 119: How we are likely to feel when our
Page 120 and 121: Structural conflict is caused by un
Page 123 and 124: IV.TOOLS FORANALYSIS
Page 125: Context analysis in peace building
Page 129 and 130: a) good conflict analysis skills,b)
Page 131 and 132: Decide and agree on the meaning of
Page 133 and 134: Example - Age limit for CYF members
Page 135 and 136: 3.4 ABC - triangleWhat is it?▶ Th
Page 137 and 138: When to use it?▶ with a group hav
Page 139 and 140: 3.7 Pyramid - three level triangleW
Page 141: ▶ Relationship: identify and desc
Page 144 and 145: 1. IntroductionViolence is a phenom
Page 146 and 147: ▶ Worldwide, violence is used as
Page 148 and 149: Core of use of objects (weapons)Vis
Page 150 and 151: 4. Dimensions of violence - a typol
Page 152 and 153: ▶ Direct violence means an indivi
Page 154 and 155: using industrialized nations cause
Page 156 and 157: tual condition compared to what wou
Page 158 and 159: 6. The dynamics of conflicts and vi
Page 160 and 161: Survival or physical level - The in
Page 162 and 163: 6.1.2 Aggression and…Aggression a
Page 164 and 165: ▶ One can use so‐called ‘invi
Page 166 and 167: tooth” are common all over the wo
Page 168 and 169: 6.3.1 From unmet needs to crisis -
Page 170 and 171: Fire begins to burnConfrontation/Op
Page 172 and 173: 6.3.4 F. Glasl’s - nine stages of
Page 174 and 175: 3. LEVEL THREE (LOSE-LOSE)Stage 7:
Page 176 and 177:
to describe emotions or speak about
Page 178 and 179:
eaction and answer concerning the d
Page 180 and 181:
7.3 Violence and genderSEXrefers on
Page 182 and 183:
Gender based violenceGender based v
Page 184 and 185:
7.5 Violence and ideology▶ Nation
Page 186 and 187:
with equal alacrity by people on th
Page 188 and 189:
9. Effects of violenceViolent confl
Page 191 and 192:
VI.NONVIOLENCE
Page 193 and 194:
2. Historical roots2.1 ReligionNonv
Page 195 and 196:
Mahatma Gandhi was born a Hindu, pr
Page 197 and 198:
colonial and post‐colonial eras.
Page 199 and 200:
▶ Generations to come will scarce
Page 201 and 202:
elieve people and not profit are ce
Page 203 and 204:
Methods of nonviolent protestNonvio
Page 205 and 206:
Nonviolent communication skills are
Page 207 and 208:
▶ Mr. A is more concerned about t
Page 209 and 210:
A kind of misery about one’s own
Page 211 and 212:
Demand‘I want you to do it, if yo
Page 213 and 214:
▶ “When I see…” “When I h
Page 215 and 216:
The following list provides some mo
Page 217 and 218:
Feelings are often associated with
Page 219 and 220:
To clearly identify and name our em
Page 221 and 222:
Fun fulfilled by laughing and playi
Page 223 and 224:
RequestThe fourth and last componen
Page 225 and 226:
We help others to trust that we are
Page 227 and 228:
This involves the four areas of non
Page 229 and 230:
3) Connect your thoughts with your
Page 231 and 232:
A verbal wound is as bad as a physi
Page 233 and 234:
4. Translating the others’ blame
Page 235 and 236:
VII.FAIR PLAY
Page 237 and 238:
2. Fairness and sportsAlthough fair
Page 239 and 240:
▶ Sports can be used to counter v
Page 241 and 242:
Fair Play PointsIf rules are establ
Page 243 and 244:
4. Principles for teaching fair pla
Page 245 and 246:
GangingAn irritating situation can
Page 247 and 248:
national institutions to send out a
Page 249 and 250:
VIII.CONFLICTTRANSFORMATION
Page 251 and 252:
flict is either settled forever or
Page 253 and 254:
The major aims of dealing construct
Page 255 and 256:
7. Introducing a third party with s
Page 257 and 258:
▶ Do not damage your opponent’s
Page 259 and 260:
2. Conflict strategies -approaches
Page 261 and 262:
modate put relationships first, ign
Page 263 and 264:
New ideas are created when working
Page 265 and 266:
CONFRON TA-TION /COMPETITIONAVOIDAN
Page 267 and 268:
parency about feelings and percepti
Page 269 and 270:
Answers to the following questions
Page 271 and 272:
▶ Interest‐based negotiation is
Page 273 and 274:
“Blessed be the peacemakers for t
Page 275 and 276:
They can talk directly (with the me
Page 277 and 278:
Strength and weaknessA mediator’s
Page 279 and 280:
5.4 Phases of mediationThe process
Page 281 and 282:
Ground rulesExplain the ground rule
Page 283 and 284:
Phase 3 Clarify the problem/develop
Page 285 and 286:
Deliberate on every optional soluti
Page 287 and 288:
CHECKLIST FOR MEDIATORSPhase IOpeni
Page 289 and 290:
APPENDIX
Page 291 and 292:
15. United Nations: Charter of the
Page 293 and 294:
6. Lederach, John Paul: Preparing f
Page 295 and 296:
24. Burton, John: Resolving deep ro
Page 297 and 298:
24. Dugan, Máire A.: Aggression. B
Page 299 and 300:
Part VI - Nonviolence1. Wink, Walte
Page 301 and 302:
5. Sadako Ogata (High Commissioner
Page 303 and 304:
ReferencesAbiew, Francis Kofi & Kea
Page 305 and 306:
Foucault, Michael: The History of S
Page 307 and 308:
Lederach, John Paul: Preparing for
Page 309 and 310:
Schweitzer, Christine (et al): Civi
Page 311 and 312:
Gandhi’s principlesLive as if you
Page 313 and 314:
“I have a dream” - Martin Luthe
Page 315 and 316:
persecution and staggered by the wi
Page 317 and 318:
Excerpts from the joint position pa
Page 319 and 320:
experts and their local colleagues.
Page 321:
Katharina Schilling is a medical nu
show all

Peacebuilding &conflict transformation A ... - Peaceworkafrica

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?