Peacebuilding &conflict transformation A ... - Peaceworkafrica

tural context. In other words, nonverbal communication is culturally specific andnot universal. In this book we concentrate on bodily expressions when referring tonon‐verbal communication that covers:Body posture: Mirrors tension, tiredness, energy level, relaxation, confidence.▶ Someone who is nearly falling asleep is not able to walk as light as afeather…▶ An ‘open’ body posture is required to recognize and accept credibility,reconciliation or apology.Body contact/proximity: Shows what is accepted as comfortable body distancebe tween people, showing the degree of intimacy.▶ Barrier signals (for instance folding your arms across your chest) allowyou to maintain your distance.▶ A stranger comes too close, resulting in feelings of discomfort orembarrassment.▶ The ways of greeting and parting — shaking hands, kissing, hugs.Shaking hands is generally done as a ritual of politeness; in ancient timesit was performed to hinder the opponent from hitting you.Body movement: differs for the various movements one might perform.▶ While in one culture nodding one’s head up and down means “yes,”it might mean “no” in another culture. This non-verbal messagehas entirely different meanings in two different culturesand is therefore interpreted differently within a particularcultural context.▶ Rubbing hands together can mean excitement or a signof optimism.▶ Nail biting is a behaviour that often signifies anxiety.▶ Scepticism might be nonverbally expressed by putting your handover your mouth.Gestures: Can stand by itself, complete or reinforce verbal communication.▶ Movement of hand and arms while telling a story.▶ Chin stroking might mean making a decision.▶ Index finger pointing upward is often recognized as listeningwith interest.56 I I . C O M M U N I C AT I O N