Peacebuilding &conflict transformation A ... - Peaceworkafrica

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3.8 Checklist “understanding conflict”I. Description of the conflict1. Actors: who is involved? (social position, functions, age, sex, individualcharacteristics such as skills or knowledge)2. What is the context? (socio‐cultural, ‐political, ‐economic situation;recent history, political and economic structure, social composition,population make‐up, excluded population, areas of influence, trust, fear,presence of forces)3. Location: Where does the conflict take place? (physical geography,infrastructure, lines of communication)4. Issue: What is the conflict about? (the issues stated, the interests formulated)5. Conflict process: How did the conflict develop? How did it start?What was done to intervene? What were the results?What was the next step?6. State of affairs: What is the current state? What is the outcome of the conflict?II. Analysis1. What are the causes of the conflict?▶ structural causes: factors that are built into policies, the structureof the society that may lay the foundation for conflicts (illegitimateor poor government, lack of equal economic or social opportunities,inequitable access to resources),▶ proximate causes: factors contributing to a climate conducive to conflictand its further escalation (human rights abuses, destabilizingof neighbourhoods, uncontrolled security),▶ triggers: events or key issues that made the conflict erupt(e.g. elections, arrest of key leaders, drought),▶ factors prolonging the conflict (radicalization of conflict parties,escalation and increasing violence, development of a culture of fear).2. What are the issues of the different actors? What are their:▶ Interests: the underlying motivations; goals, concerns, hopes, fears?▶ Needs: what are the needs for improved living conditions?▶ Goals: which strategies are used to pursue the interests?▶ Positions: what kind of solutions are presented by actors on key issues?▶ Capacities: what are the actors’ potentials concerning their influencein the context in terms of resources, access, networks or other support?138 I V. TO O L S F O R A N A LY S I S
▶ Relationship: identify and describe the state of the relationships andhow does this influence the kind of interaction between the actors?▶ Who is profiting and how?▶ Who else is directly or indirectly involved or has an interest in the issue?3. What are the issues on the different levels:a. factual,b. relationship,c. value level?4. How far has the conflict escalated?5. What factors can contribute to peace (e.g. communication channels,demobilization process, reforms, mutual programs, fair policies)?3 . D i f f e r e n t t o o l s f o r c o n f l i c t a n a l y s i s 139
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Peacebuilding& conflict transformat
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Peacebuilding& conflict transformat
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Table of contentsEditors’ Forewor
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2.1 Aspects of conflicts . . . . .
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Editors’ forewordWhen Katharina S
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ForewordDear user(s), this resource
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This version is accompanied by the
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process our social connectedness as
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I.PEACE
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Peace and striving for peace are at
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▶ Peace is an interweaving of rel
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peace encompasses all aspects of a
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1.5 Strategies for peaceMahatma Gan
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▶ International Convention on the
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There is a great deal of human suff
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2.2 Principles for peacebuildingThe
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InfrastructureInfrastructure is req
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ebuilding community structures, per
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3.1 What is peace education?Peace e
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NonviolenceNonviolence means that f
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the fear of the one’s personal po
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▶ Discover inner peace —this me
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4.1.2 Peace as a research activity
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II.COMMUNICATION
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2. Facts about communication2.1 It
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2.5 Implicit and explicit messagesA
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2.7 Our own fantasySometimes one re
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3.1 Verbal communication“Speech i
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Facial expressions: show emotions o
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Smelling using the nose to listen t
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Intrapersonal communication … is
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7. Receiving and sending7.1 The cyc
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All four aspects must be properly r
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Dimension of information/factual le
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Additionally, a receiver whose self
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8. Factors influencing the qualityo
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the listener is expected to clearly
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Set context and state the purpose o
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Keep in mind:▶ When overused, act
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Don’t say “You know something w
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10.1.3 SummarizingA summary is simi
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ClarifyingClarifying means to use t
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Questioning techniques / Interrogat
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Page 91 and 92: Helpful - de-escalating effectExpre
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Page 96 and 97: 1. Conflict - a fact of lifeSymbol
Page 98 and 99: 2. Social conflict2.1 What is typic
Page 100 and 101: Examples▶ Two people disagree on
Page 102 and 103: 2.3 Typical conflict behavioursThe
Page 104 and 105: conflict transformation skills as i
Page 106 and 107: AttitudeAttitude means the way an i
Page 108 and 109: Respect: self‐respect, personal i
Page 110 and 111: acquired by everyone. If dialogue a
Page 112 and 113: Sources of powerThere are various s
Page 114 and 115: . Needs and their classificationsHu
Page 116 and 117: or any other differentiating charac
Page 118 and 119: How we are likely to feel when our
Page 120 and 121: Structural conflict is caused by un
Page 123 and 124: IV.TOOLS FORANALYSIS
Page 125 and 126: Context analysis in peace building
Page 127 and 128: Conflict analysis can be carried ou
Page 129 and 130: a) good conflict analysis skills,b)
Page 131 and 132: Decide and agree on the meaning of
Page 133 and 134: Example - Age limit for CYF members
Page 135 and 136: 3.4 ABC - triangleWhat is it?▶ Th
Page 137 and 138: When to use it?▶ with a group hav
Page 139: 3.7 Pyramid - three level triangleW
Page 144 and 145: 1. IntroductionViolence is a phenom
Page 146 and 147: ▶ Worldwide, violence is used as
Page 148 and 149: Core of use of objects (weapons)Vis
Page 150 and 151: 4. Dimensions of violence - a typol
Page 152 and 153: ▶ Direct violence means an indivi
Page 154 and 155: using industrialized nations cause
Page 156 and 157: tual condition compared to what wou
Page 158 and 159: 6. The dynamics of conflicts and vi
Page 160 and 161: Survival or physical level - The in
Page 162 and 163: 6.1.2 Aggression and…Aggression a
Page 164 and 165: ▶ One can use so‐called ‘invi
Page 166 and 167: tooth” are common all over the wo
Page 168 and 169: 6.3.1 From unmet needs to crisis -
Page 170 and 171: Fire begins to burnConfrontation/Op
Page 172 and 173: 6.3.4 F. Glasl’s - nine stages of
Page 174 and 175: 3. LEVEL THREE (LOSE-LOSE)Stage 7:
Page 176 and 177: to describe emotions or speak about
Page 178 and 179: eaction and answer concerning the d
Page 180 and 181: 7.3 Violence and genderSEXrefers on
Page 182 and 183: Gender based violenceGender based v
Page 184 and 185: 7.5 Violence and ideology▶ Nation
Page 186 and 187: with equal alacrity by people on th
Page 188 and 189: 9. Effects of violenceViolent confl
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VI.NONVIOLENCE
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2. Historical roots2.1 ReligionNonv
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Mahatma Gandhi was born a Hindu, pr
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colonial and post‐colonial eras.
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▶ Generations to come will scarce
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elieve people and not profit are ce
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Methods of nonviolent protestNonvio
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Nonviolent communication skills are
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▶ Mr. A is more concerned about t
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A kind of misery about one’s own
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Demand‘I want you to do it, if yo
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▶ “When I see…” “When I h
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The following list provides some mo
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Feelings are often associated with
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To clearly identify and name our em
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Fun fulfilled by laughing and playi
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RequestThe fourth and last componen
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We help others to trust that we are
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This involves the four areas of non
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3) Connect your thoughts with your
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A verbal wound is as bad as a physi
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4. Translating the others’ blame
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VII.FAIR PLAY
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2. Fairness and sportsAlthough fair
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▶ Sports can be used to counter v
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Fair Play PointsIf rules are establ
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4. Principles for teaching fair pla
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GangingAn irritating situation can
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national institutions to send out a
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VIII.CONFLICTTRANSFORMATION
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flict is either settled forever or
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The major aims of dealing construct
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7. Introducing a third party with s
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▶ Do not damage your opponent’s
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2. Conflict strategies -approaches
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modate put relationships first, ign
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New ideas are created when working
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CONFRON TA-TION /COMPETITIONAVOIDAN
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parency about feelings and percepti
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Answers to the following questions
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▶ Interest‐based negotiation is
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“Blessed be the peacemakers for t
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They can talk directly (with the me
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Strength and weaknessA mediator’s
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5.4 Phases of mediationThe process
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Ground rulesExplain the ground rule
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Phase 3 Clarify the problem/develop
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Deliberate on every optional soluti
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CHECKLIST FOR MEDIATORSPhase IOpeni
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APPENDIX
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15. United Nations: Charter of the
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6. Lederach, John Paul: Preparing f
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24. Burton, John: Resolving deep ro
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24. Dugan, Máire A.: Aggression. B
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Part VI - Nonviolence1. Wink, Walte
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5. Sadako Ogata (High Commissioner
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ReferencesAbiew, Francis Kofi & Kea
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Foucault, Michael: The History of S
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Lederach, John Paul: Preparing for
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Schweitzer, Christine (et al): Civi
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Gandhi’s principlesLive as if you
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“I have a dream” - Martin Luthe
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persecution and staggered by the wi
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Excerpts from the joint position pa
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experts and their local colleagues.
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Katharina Schilling is a medical nu
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