Peacebuilding &conflict transformation A ... - Peaceworkafrica

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Financed by BMZ (Bundesministerium für WirtschaftlicheZusammenarbeit, Germany) through BfdW (Bread for the world –Church Development Service, an association of theprotestant churches of Germany) /ZFD (Ziviler Friedensdienst – Civil Peace Service), GermanyAll rights reserved in all countriesCopyright © 2012 by CPS/BfdW Bafoussam, BerlinLanguage consultant: Linda HerbertsonProduction and design: Eberhard Delius, BerlinTypesetting: Reihs Satzstudio, LohmarPrinting: Freiburger Graphische Betriebe, FreiburgPrinted in GermanyContact:Katharina Schilling: ikaschilling@googlemail.comFlaubert Djateng: fdjateng9@gmail.com;www.peaceworkafrica.net
Table of contentsEditors’ Foreword by Christiane Kayser and Flaubert Djateng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Foreword by Reverend Francis Ituka Mekumba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Foreword by Shecku Kawusu Mansaray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Introduction by Denis Kumbo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14I. PEACE1. PEACE – What does peace mean? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181.1 Origins of the term peace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181.2 Conceptions, definitions, thoughts and models of peace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191.3 Where does peace begin? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211.4 Creating a culture of peace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231.5 Strategies for peace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252. Peacebuilding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282.1 What is peacebuilding? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292.2 Principles for peacebuilding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312.3 Peacebuilding dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332.4 Peacebuilding agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353. Peace education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363.1 What is peace education? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373.2 The principles of peace education work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383.3 The core elements of peace education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393.4 Peace education challenges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424. Peace & conflict studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434.1 Historical background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434.2 Peace and conflict studies today . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44II. COMMUNICATION1. Communication – the basic tool for conflict transformation . . . . . . . . . . . . 482. Facts about communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492.1 It is impossible to NOT communicate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492.2 All communication has aspects of content and relationship . . . . . . . . . . . . 492.3 Communication can be digital or analog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502.4 Communication is symmetric or complementary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502.5 Implicit and explicit messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515
Page 1: Peacebuilding& conflict transformat
Page 5: Peacebuilding& conflict transformat
Page 9 and 10: 2.1 Aspects of conflicts . . . . .
Page 11 and 12: Editors’ forewordWhen Katharina S
Page 13 and 14: ForewordDear user(s), this resource
Page 15 and 16: This version is accompanied by the
Page 17 and 18: process our social connectedness as
Page 19 and 20: I.PEACE
Page 21 and 22: Peace and striving for peace are at
Page 23 and 24: ▶ Peace is an interweaving of rel
Page 25 and 26: peace encompasses all aspects of a
Page 27 and 28: 1.5 Strategies for peaceMahatma Gan
Page 29 and 30: ▶ International Convention on the
Page 31 and 32: There is a great deal of human suff
Page 33 and 34: 2.2 Principles for peacebuildingThe
Page 35 and 36: InfrastructureInfrastructure is req
Page 37 and 38: ebuilding community structures, per
Page 39 and 40: 3.1 What is peace education?Peace e
Page 41 and 42: NonviolenceNonviolence means that f
Page 43 and 44: the fear of the one’s personal po
Page 45 and 46: ▶ Discover inner peace —this me
Page 47 and 48: 4.1.2 Peace as a research activity
Page 49 and 50: II.COMMUNICATION
Page 51 and 52: 2. Facts about communication2.1 It
Page 53 and 54: 2.5 Implicit and explicit messagesA
Page 55 and 56: 2.7 Our own fantasySometimes one re
Page 57 and 58:
3.1 Verbal communication“Speech i
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Facial expressions: show emotions o
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Smelling using the nose to listen t
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Intrapersonal communication … is
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7. Receiving and sending7.1 The cyc
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All four aspects must be properly r
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Dimension of information/factual le
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Additionally, a receiver whose self
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8. Factors influencing the qualityo
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the listener is expected to clearly
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Set context and state the purpose o
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Keep in mind:▶ When overused, act
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Don’t say “You know something w
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10.1.3 SummarizingA summary is simi
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ClarifyingClarifying means to use t
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Questioning techniques / Interrogat
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Obviously, before even thinking of
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Helpful - de-escalating effectExpre
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Additionally, people actively invol
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1. Conflict - a fact of lifeSymbol
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2. Social conflict2.1 What is typic
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Examples▶ Two people disagree on
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2.3 Typical conflict behavioursThe
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conflict transformation skills as i
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AttitudeAttitude means the way an i
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Respect: self‐respect, personal i
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acquired by everyone. If dialogue a
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Sources of powerThere are various s
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. Needs and their classificationsHu
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or any other differentiating charac
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How we are likely to feel when our
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Structural conflict is caused by un
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IV.TOOLS FORANALYSIS
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Context analysis in peace building
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Conflict analysis can be carried ou
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a) good conflict analysis skills,b)
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Decide and agree on the meaning of
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Example - Age limit for CYF members
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3.4 ABC - triangleWhat is it?▶ Th
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When to use it?▶ with a group hav
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3.7 Pyramid - three level triangleW
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▶ Relationship: identify and desc
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1. IntroductionViolence is a phenom
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▶ Worldwide, violence is used as
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Core of use of objects (weapons)Vis
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4. Dimensions of violence - a typol
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▶ Direct violence means an indivi
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using industrialized nations cause
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tual condition compared to what wou
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6. The dynamics of conflicts and vi
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Survival or physical level - The in
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6.1.2 Aggression and…Aggression a
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▶ One can use so‐called ‘invi
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tooth” are common all over the wo
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6.3.1 From unmet needs to crisis -
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Fire begins to burnConfrontation/Op
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6.3.4 F. Glasl’s - nine stages of
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3. LEVEL THREE (LOSE-LOSE)Stage 7:
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to describe emotions or speak about
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eaction and answer concerning the d
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7.3 Violence and genderSEXrefers on
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Gender based violenceGender based v
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7.5 Violence and ideology▶ Nation
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with equal alacrity by people on th
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9. Effects of violenceViolent confl
Page 191 and 192:
VI.NONVIOLENCE
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2. Historical roots2.1 ReligionNonv
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Mahatma Gandhi was born a Hindu, pr
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colonial and post‐colonial eras.
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▶ Generations to come will scarce
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elieve people and not profit are ce
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Methods of nonviolent protestNonvio
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Nonviolent communication skills are
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▶ Mr. A is more concerned about t
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A kind of misery about one’s own
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Demand‘I want you to do it, if yo
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▶ “When I see…” “When I h
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The following list provides some mo
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Feelings are often associated with
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To clearly identify and name our em
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Fun fulfilled by laughing and playi
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RequestThe fourth and last componen
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We help others to trust that we are
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This involves the four areas of non
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3) Connect your thoughts with your
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A verbal wound is as bad as a physi
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4. Translating the others’ blame
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VII.FAIR PLAY
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2. Fairness and sportsAlthough fair
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▶ Sports can be used to counter v
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Fair Play PointsIf rules are establ
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4. Principles for teaching fair pla
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GangingAn irritating situation can
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national institutions to send out a
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VIII.CONFLICTTRANSFORMATION
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flict is either settled forever or
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The major aims of dealing construct
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7. Introducing a third party with s
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▶ Do not damage your opponent’s
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2. Conflict strategies -approaches
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modate put relationships first, ign
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New ideas are created when working
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CONFRON TA-TION /COMPETITIONAVOIDAN
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parency about feelings and percepti
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Answers to the following questions
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▶ Interest‐based negotiation is
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“Blessed be the peacemakers for t
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They can talk directly (with the me
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Strength and weaknessA mediator’s
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5.4 Phases of mediationThe process
Page 281 and 282:
Ground rulesExplain the ground rule
Page 283 and 284:
Phase 3 Clarify the problem/develop
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Deliberate on every optional soluti
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CHECKLIST FOR MEDIATORSPhase IOpeni
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APPENDIX
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15. United Nations: Charter of the
Page 293 and 294:
6. Lederach, John Paul: Preparing f
Page 295 and 296:
24. Burton, John: Resolving deep ro
Page 297 and 298:
24. Dugan, Máire A.: Aggression. B
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Part VI - Nonviolence1. Wink, Walte
Page 301 and 302:
5. Sadako Ogata (High Commissioner
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ReferencesAbiew, Francis Kofi & Kea
Page 305 and 306:
Foucault, Michael: The History of S
Page 307 and 308:
Lederach, John Paul: Preparing for
Page 309 and 310:
Schweitzer, Christine (et al): Civi
Page 311 and 312:
Gandhi’s principlesLive as if you
Page 313 and 314:
“I have a dream” - Martin Luthe
Page 315 and 316:
persecution and staggered by the wi
Page 317 and 318:
Excerpts from the joint position pa
Page 319 and 320:
experts and their local colleagues.
Page 321:
Katharina Schilling is a medical nu
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