2. Francis, Diana: People, Peace and Power, Conflict Transformation in Action, 2002 p. 25 f; Lederach,John Paul: The little book of <strong>conflict</strong> <strong>transformation</strong>, 2003 p. 3–6; Lederach, John Paul: Preparing forPeace. Conflict Transformation Across Cultures, 1996 p. 16–233. Fisher, Roger & Brown, Scott: Gute Beziehungen, 1996 p. 1804. Johan Galtung: Der Weg ist das Ziel, 1987 p. 125–1285. Glasl, Friedrich: Konfliktmanagement, 2002 p. 360–4056. Moore, Christopher W.: The Mediation Process: practical strategies for resolving <strong>conflict</strong>s, 1986; Kilman& Thomas: Interpersonal <strong>conflict</strong>‐handling behavior as reflections of Jungian personality dimensions,1975 p. 971–980.7. Augsburger, David W.: Conflict Mediation Across Cultures, 1992 p. 48–53, 57–59, 109–111, 239 f.8. Augsburger, David W.: Conflict Mediation Across Cultures, 1992 p. 48–53, 63–659. Lederach, John Paul: The little book of <strong>conflict</strong> <strong>transformation</strong>, 2003 p. 23–3210. Augsburger, David W.: Conflict Mediation Across Cultures, 1992 p. 210–22811. United Nations: Charter of the United Nations and Statute of the International Court of Justice, 2008;United Nations: United Nations Peacekeeping Operations. Principles and Guidelines, 201012. Sources for Chapter 5 – Mediation: Folberg, Jay & Taylor, Alison: Mediation. A comprehensive guideto resolving <strong>conflict</strong> without litigation, 1990; Beer, Jennifer E. & Stief, Eileen: The Mediator’s Handbook,1997; Besemer, Christoph: Mediation. Vermittlung in Konflikten, 2000; Perry, Danaan: Warriorsof the heart, a handbook for <strong>conflict</strong> resolution, 1997; Dulabaum, Nina L.: Mediation: Das ABC, DieKunst, in Konflikten erfolgreich zu vermitteln, 2001; Augsburger, David W.: Conflict Mediation AcrossCultures, 1992 p. 191–193; Lederach, John Paul: Preparing for Peace. Conflict Transformation AcrossCultures, 1996 p. 14 f; SLADEA’s Handbook for Mediation, Freetown 2003 p. 74–9713. Augsburger, David W.: Conflict Mediation Across Cultures, 1992 p. 35–39; Besemer, Christoph: Mediation.Vermittlung in Konflikten, 2000 p. 46–5114. Patfoort, Pat: Inner Strength: a Fundamental Weapon against Violence, 2002; Fisher, Simon (et al):Working with Conflict, Skills and Strategies for Action, 2000 p. 144 f.; Besemer, Christoph: Mediation.Vermittlung in Konflikten, 2000 p. 34–44; Dulabaum, Nina L.: Mediation: Das ABC, Die Kunst, inKonflikten erfolgreich zu vermitteln, 2001 p. 149–157; Augsburger, David W.: Conflict Mediation AcrossCultures, 1992 p. 160–163, 193–20415. Being a professional mediator in <strong>conflict</strong>s in one’s own family or between friends is therefore notpossible.16. The <strong>conflict</strong>ing parties are the ones who have to open up, to talk about the <strong>conflict</strong> and shouldtherefore be allowed all the time they need.300 A P P E N D I X
ReferencesAbiew, Francis Kofi & Keating, Tom: Defining a Role for Civil Society, in: Keating Tom &Knight AndyW.: Building sustainable peace, The University of Alberta Press, Canada 2004ACT UP (Aids Coalition to Unleash Power): History of Mass Nonviolent Action, www.actupny.orgAGEH and EED: Joint position paper: O Lord, make me an instrument of Your peace, The Civil PeaceService (CPS): an instrument of Christian peace work, Bonn and Cologne 2009Albert, Michael: Life after capitalism – and now too, December 10, 2004Ammeh, Silas E.: Great and Historic Black Leaders. Their Biographies, Famous Speeches and LeadershipStyles. Nigeria 2009Anderson, Mary B.: Do No Harm. How aid can support peace – or war. Colorado, US 1999Anderson, Craig A. &Anderson Dona C.: Ambient Temperature and Violent Crime: Tests of the Linearand Curvilinear Hypotheses, in: Journal of Personality and Psychology 1984, Vol. 64, No. 1Anderson, Craig A.(et al): The Influence of Media Violence on Youth. Psychological Science in the PublicInterest Vol. 4 No. 3, American Psychological Society 2003Ankerson, Christopher P.: Praxis versus Policy. <strong>Peacebuilding</strong> and the Military, in: Keating Tom & KnightAndy W.: Building sustainable peace, The University of Alberta Press, Canada 2004Arendt, Hannah: On Violence in Crises in the Republic, Florida, Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1972Arendt, Hannah: On Violence, Harvest Book 1969Auer‐Frege, Ilona (Hg): Wege zur Gewaltfreiheit – Methoden der internationalen zivilen Konfliktbearbeitung,Berlin 2010Augsburger, David W.: Conflict Mediation Across Cultures, US 1992Bandura, Albert & Ross, D. & Ross, S. A.: Transmission of Aggression Through Imitation of Aggressive Models.Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 1961Barnett, Jon: Peace and Development: Towards a New Synthesis. In: Journal of Peace Research, Vol. 45,No 1, 2008Bawer, Bruce: The peace racket, September 7, 2007Beer, Jennifer E. & Stief, Eileen: The Mediator’s Handbook, Philadelphia 1997Besemer, Christoph: Konflikte verstehen und lösen lernen, Ein Erklärungs‐ und Handlungsmodell zurEntwurzelung von Gewalt nach Pat Patfoort, Baden 1999Besemer, Christoph: Mediation – Vermittlung in Konflikten, 7. Auflage, Baden 2000Birmingham, David: Kwame Nkrumah: The Father of African Nationalism, Ohio University Press 1998Boege, Volker: Traditional Approaches to Conflict Transformation – Approaches and Limits, in: TheBerghof Research Centre for Constructive Conflict Management – first launch 2006Boutros Boutros‐Ghali: An Agenda for Peace: Preventive Diplomacy, Peacemaking and Peace‐keeping,Document A/47/277 –S/241111, New York: Department of Public Information, United Nations,17 June 1992Boutros Boutros‐Ghali: Supplement to An Agenda for Peace: Position Paper of the Secretary‐General onthe Occasion of the Fiftieth Anniversary of the United Nations Document, A/50/60 – S/1995/1, NewYork: Department of Public Information, United Nations, 3 January 1995Braakman, Lydia: The Art of building training capacity in community forestry development, Draft Version,RECOFT, 2002R e f e r e n c e s 301
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Peacebuilding& conflict transformat
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Peacebuilding& conflict transformat
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Table of contentsEditors’ Forewor
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2.1 Aspects of conflicts . . . . .
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Editors’ forewordWhen Katharina S
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ForewordDear user(s), this resource
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This version is accompanied by the
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process our social connectedness as
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I.PEACE
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Peace and striving for peace are at
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▶ Peace is an interweaving of rel
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peace encompasses all aspects of a
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1.5 Strategies for peaceMahatma Gan
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▶ International Convention on the
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There is a great deal of human suff
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2.2 Principles for peacebuildingThe
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InfrastructureInfrastructure is req
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ebuilding community structures, per
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3.1 What is peace education?Peace e
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NonviolenceNonviolence means that f
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the fear of the one’s personal po
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▶ Discover inner peace —this me
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4.1.2 Peace as a research activity
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II.COMMUNICATION
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2. Facts about communication2.1 It
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2.5 Implicit and explicit messagesA
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2.7 Our own fantasySometimes one re
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3.1 Verbal communication“Speech i
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Facial expressions: show emotions o
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Smelling using the nose to listen t
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Intrapersonal communication … is
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7. Receiving and sending7.1 The cyc
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All four aspects must be properly r
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Dimension of information/factual le
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Additionally, a receiver whose self
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8. Factors influencing the qualityo
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the listener is expected to clearly
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Set context and state the purpose o
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Keep in mind:▶ When overused, act
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Don’t say “You know something w
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10.1.3 SummarizingA summary is simi
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ClarifyingClarifying means to use t
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Questioning techniques / Interrogat
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Obviously, before even thinking of
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Helpful - de-escalating effectExpre
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Additionally, people actively invol
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1. Conflict - a fact of lifeSymbol
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2. Social conflict2.1 What is typic
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Examples▶ Two people disagree on
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2.3 Typical conflict behavioursThe
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conflict transformation skills as i
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AttitudeAttitude means the way an i
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Respect: self‐respect, personal i
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acquired by everyone. If dialogue a
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Sources of powerThere are various s
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. Needs and their classificationsHu
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or any other differentiating charac
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How we are likely to feel when our
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Structural conflict is caused by un
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IV.TOOLS FORANALYSIS
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Context analysis in peace building
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Conflict analysis can be carried ou
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a) good conflict analysis skills,b)
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Decide and agree on the meaning of
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Example - Age limit for CYF members
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3.4 ABC - triangleWhat is it?▶ Th
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When to use it?▶ with a group hav
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3.7 Pyramid - three level triangleW
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▶ Relationship: identify and desc
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1. IntroductionViolence is a phenom
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▶ Worldwide, violence is used as
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Core of use of objects (weapons)Vis
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4. Dimensions of violence - a typol
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▶ Direct violence means an indivi
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using industrialized nations cause
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tual condition compared to what wou
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6. The dynamics of conflicts and vi
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Survival or physical level - The in
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6.1.2 Aggression and…Aggression a
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▶ One can use so‐called ‘invi
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tooth” are common all over the wo
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6.3.1 From unmet needs to crisis -
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Fire begins to burnConfrontation/Op
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6.3.4 F. Glasl’s - nine stages of
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3. LEVEL THREE (LOSE-LOSE)Stage 7:
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to describe emotions or speak about
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eaction and answer concerning the d
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7.3 Violence and genderSEXrefers on
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Gender based violenceGender based v
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7.5 Violence and ideology▶ Nation
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with equal alacrity by people on th
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9. Effects of violenceViolent confl
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VI.NONVIOLENCE
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2. Historical roots2.1 ReligionNonv
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Mahatma Gandhi was born a Hindu, pr
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colonial and post‐colonial eras.
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▶ Generations to come will scarce
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elieve people and not profit are ce
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Methods of nonviolent protestNonvio
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Nonviolent communication skills are
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▶ Mr. A is more concerned about t
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A kind of misery about one’s own
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Demand‘I want you to do it, if yo
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▶ “When I see…” “When I h
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The following list provides some mo
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Feelings are often associated with
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To clearly identify and name our em
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Fun fulfilled by laughing and playi
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RequestThe fourth and last componen
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We help others to trust that we are
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This involves the four areas of non
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3) Connect your thoughts with your
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A verbal wound is as bad as a physi
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4. Translating the others’ blame
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VII.FAIR PLAY
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2. Fairness and sportsAlthough fair
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▶ Sports can be used to counter v
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Fair Play PointsIf rules are establ
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4. Principles for teaching fair pla
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GangingAn irritating situation can
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national institutions to send out a
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VIII.CONFLICTTRANSFORMATION
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