Peacebuilding &conflict transformation A ... - Peaceworkafrica

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▶ Efforts towards achieving positive peace (dimension 2) are fundamentallytied to the ability of parties to end hostilities and to prevent violation of humanrights (dimension 1). Only then can longer‐term peacebuilding processes havesufficient time to meet their objectives.The two dimensions of the relationship between conflicts and human rights posedifferent challenges to conflict transformation. How to address the problems andwith what kind of intervention depends on the specific issues and dimension, thetime frame, the primary activities called for and the desired outcomes. The figurebelow explains this:Problem tobe resolvedDimension 1Gross human rights violationas a consequenceof destructive conflictProtecting people from humanrights violationDimension 2Conflict as a consequenceof sustained denialof human rightsReducing levels of structural conflictby promoting and protectinghuman rightsTime frame Short to medium term Long termActivitiesto beundertakenDesired outcome▶ Dispute resolution,▶ Peacemaking andpeacekeeping,Peace-enforcement,▶ Human rights monitoringand investigationCessation of hostilities,End/prevention of abuses,Negotiated settlementNEGATIVE PEACE▶ Peacebuilding,▶ Development,▶ Institution-building,▶ ReconciliationSocio-economic and politicaljustice, Constructiveconflict managementPOSITIVE PEACE256 V I I I . C O N F L I C T T R A N S F O R M AT I O N
2. Conflict strategies –approaches to conflict 5The main different patterns of response to conflicts are avoidance, accommodation,confrontation, cooperation and compromise 6 . All these patterns are valid and maybe useful depending on the situation. Very often we follow a certain pattern — de -pending on our education, upbringing, experience, interest or situation — withoutreflecting on its usefulness. It is important to become aware of our own patterns inorder to be able to choose consciously and develop appropriate strategies for sustainableconflict transformation.Psychologists have found that most conflicts follow this three stage pattern:First step: A tries to cooperate with B, if that does not work…Second step: A tries to find a solution at all costs. A puts pressure on B as long as Bis not willing to cooperate or discuss (suppression of the minority).Third step: B shows an interest in cooperating and A is willing to co‐operate.The five most often described strategic styles are drawn on a grid with the followingdimensions:Importance of issues, concern for goalsConfrontation, competitionlitigation, arbitrationone party wins, one party losesAvoidance/DeadlockBoth parties loseCompromise – negotiatedBoth parties win andlose somethingImportance of and concern for relationshipsCooperation – interest basednegotiation, bargainingmediation, negotiationboth parties winAccommodationOne party wins,one party loses2 . C o n f l i c t s t r a t e g i e s – a p p r o a c h e s t o c o n f l i c t 257
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Peacebuilding& conflict transformat
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Peacebuilding& conflict transformat
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Table of contentsEditors’ Forewor
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2.1 Aspects of conflicts . . . . .
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Editors’ forewordWhen Katharina S
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ForewordDear user(s), this resource
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This version is accompanied by the
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process our social connectedness as
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I.PEACE
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Peace and striving for peace are at
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▶ Peace is an interweaving of rel
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peace encompasses all aspects of a
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1.5 Strategies for peaceMahatma Gan
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▶ International Convention on the
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There is a great deal of human suff
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2.2 Principles for peacebuildingThe
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InfrastructureInfrastructure is req
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ebuilding community structures, per
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3.1 What is peace education?Peace e
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NonviolenceNonviolence means that f
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the fear of the one’s personal po
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▶ Discover inner peace —this me
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4.1.2 Peace as a research activity
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II.COMMUNICATION
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2. Facts about communication2.1 It
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2.5 Implicit and explicit messagesA
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2.7 Our own fantasySometimes one re
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3.1 Verbal communication“Speech i
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Facial expressions: show emotions o
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Smelling using the nose to listen t
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Intrapersonal communication … is
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7. Receiving and sending7.1 The cyc
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All four aspects must be properly r
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Dimension of information/factual le
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Additionally, a receiver whose self
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8. Factors influencing the qualityo
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the listener is expected to clearly
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Set context and state the purpose o
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Keep in mind:▶ When overused, act
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Don’t say “You know something w
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10.1.3 SummarizingA summary is simi
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ClarifyingClarifying means to use t
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Questioning techniques / Interrogat
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Obviously, before even thinking of
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Helpful - de-escalating effectExpre
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Additionally, people actively invol
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1. Conflict - a fact of lifeSymbol
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2. Social conflict2.1 What is typic
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Examples▶ Two people disagree on
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2.3 Typical conflict behavioursThe
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conflict transformation skills as i
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AttitudeAttitude means the way an i
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Respect: self‐respect, personal i
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acquired by everyone. If dialogue a
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Sources of powerThere are various s
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. Needs and their classificationsHu
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or any other differentiating charac
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How we are likely to feel when our
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Structural conflict is caused by un
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IV.TOOLS FORANALYSIS
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Context analysis in peace building
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Conflict analysis can be carried ou
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a) good conflict analysis skills,b)
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Decide and agree on the meaning of
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Example - Age limit for CYF members
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3.4 ABC - triangleWhat is it?▶ Th
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When to use it?▶ with a group hav
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3.7 Pyramid - three level triangleW
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▶ Relationship: identify and desc
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1. IntroductionViolence is a phenom
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▶ Worldwide, violence is used as
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Core of use of objects (weapons)Vis
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4. Dimensions of violence - a typol
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▶ Direct violence means an indivi
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using industrialized nations cause
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tual condition compared to what wou
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6. The dynamics of conflicts and vi
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Survival or physical level - The in
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6.1.2 Aggression and…Aggression a
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▶ One can use so‐called ‘invi
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tooth” are common all over the wo
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6.3.1 From unmet needs to crisis -
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Fire begins to burnConfrontation/Op
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6.3.4 F. Glasl’s - nine stages of
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3. LEVEL THREE (LOSE-LOSE)Stage 7:
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to describe emotions or speak about
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eaction and answer concerning the d
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7.3 Violence and genderSEXrefers on
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Gender based violenceGender based v
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7.5 Violence and ideology▶ Nation
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with equal alacrity by people on th
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9. Effects of violenceViolent confl
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VI.NONVIOLENCE
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2. Historical roots2.1 ReligionNonv
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Mahatma Gandhi was born a Hindu, pr
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colonial and post‐colonial eras.
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▶ Generations to come will scarce
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elieve people and not profit are ce
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Methods of nonviolent protestNonvio
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Nonviolent communication skills are
Page 207 and 208: ▶ Mr. A is more concerned about t
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Page 213 and 214: ▶ “When I see…” “When I h
Page 215 and 216: The following list provides some mo
Page 217 and 218: Feelings are often associated with
Page 219 and 220: To clearly identify and name our em
Page 221 and 222: Fun fulfilled by laughing and playi
Page 223 and 224: RequestThe fourth and last componen
Page 225 and 226: We help others to trust that we are
Page 227 and 228: This involves the four areas of non
Page 229 and 230: 3) Connect your thoughts with your
Page 231 and 232: A verbal wound is as bad as a physi
Page 233 and 234: 4. Translating the others’ blame
Page 235 and 236: VII.FAIR PLAY
Page 237 and 238: 2. Fairness and sportsAlthough fair
Page 239 and 240: ▶ Sports can be used to counter v
Page 241 and 242: Fair Play PointsIf rules are establ
Page 243 and 244: 4. Principles for teaching fair pla
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Page 247 and 248: national institutions to send out a
Page 249 and 250: VIII.CONFLICTTRANSFORMATION
Page 251 and 252: flict is either settled forever or
Page 253 and 254: The major aims of dealing construct
Page 255 and 256: 7. Introducing a third party with s
Page 257: ▶ Do not damage your opponent’s
Page 261 and 262: modate put relationships first, ign
Page 263 and 264: New ideas are created when working
Page 265 and 266: CONFRON TA-TION /COMPETITIONAVOIDAN
Page 267 and 268: parency about feelings and percepti
Page 269 and 270: Answers to the following questions
Page 271 and 272: ▶ Interest‐based negotiation is
Page 273 and 274: “Blessed be the peacemakers for t
Page 275 and 276: They can talk directly (with the me
Page 277 and 278: Strength and weaknessA mediator’s
Page 279 and 280: 5.4 Phases of mediationThe process
Page 281 and 282: Ground rulesExplain the ground rule
Page 283 and 284: Phase 3 Clarify the problem/develop
Page 285 and 286: Deliberate on every optional soluti
Page 287 and 288: CHECKLIST FOR MEDIATORSPhase IOpeni
Page 289 and 290: APPENDIX
Page 291 and 292: 15. United Nations: Charter of the
Page 293 and 294: 6. Lederach, John Paul: Preparing f
Page 295 and 296: 24. Burton, John: Resolving deep ro
Page 297 and 298: 24. Dugan, Máire A.: Aggression. B
Page 299 and 300: Part VI - Nonviolence1. Wink, Walte
Page 301 and 302: 5. Sadako Ogata (High Commissioner
Page 303 and 304: ReferencesAbiew, Francis Kofi & Kea
Page 305 and 306: Foucault, Michael: The History of S
Page 307 and 308: Lederach, John Paul: Preparing for
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Schweitzer, Christine (et al): Civi
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Gandhi’s principlesLive as if you
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“I have a dream” - Martin Luthe
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persecution and staggered by the wi
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Excerpts from the joint position pa
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experts and their local colleagues.
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Katharina Schilling is a medical nu
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