Peacebuilding &conflict transformation A ... - Peaceworkafrica

LEVEL TWO (WIN-LOSE)Stage 4: Coalitions & images▶ the conflict intensifies▶ parties search for sympathizers▶ the issue no longer predominates,but stereotypes and paradoxicalthinking▶ provocations and even denouncingthe opponent are taking place▶ it seems that only one can win,one can loseStage 5: Loss of face▶ personal and public attacks to destroythe moral integrity of the opponentfrom both sides▶ perspective is one of angel‐devil▶ it is not longer possible for the partiesto listen to external points of view▶ ideologies, values and principlespredominate the scene▶ loss of confidence is complete▶ loss of face on both sidesStage 6: Strategies of threat▶ both parties try to controlthe situation by threateningeach other and illustratingtheir own power over the other▶ stress increases throughultimatum/sanctions and intensifiedcounter‐ultimatum/sanctions6 . T h e d y n a m i c s o f c o n f l i c t s a n d v i o l e n c e 171