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6.3.4 F. Glasl’s – nine stages of conflict escalationThe model of Friedrich Glasl has nine stages, divided into three levels: at the firstlevel both conflict parties can still win. Reaching the second level one party loses,while the other one wins. If the conflict continues and mounts up to the third levelboth parties lose. This model is very detailed and can be used for conflict analysisand as a tool to improve reactions during a conflict process.LEVEL ONE (WIN-WIN)Stage 1: Tension▶ common argument, occasional clashof opinions with tensions▶ conviction that tensions can beresolved through dialogue▶ cooperation stronger thancompetitivenessStage 2: Debate & polemics▶ conflict parties develop strategiesto convince the other party of theirarguments▶ ‘either‐or’ thinking starts, accompaniedwith fighting for dominance andpressuring the otherStage 3: Actions instead of words▶ conflict parties increase the pressureon their opponent to reach anacceptance of the own opinion▶ pessimistic expectations and suspicionare predominant▶ discussions are broken off▶ nonverbal behaviour dominatesthe communication style170 V. V I O L E N C E
LEVEL TWO (WIN-LOSE)Stage 4: Coalitions & images▶ the conflict intensifies▶ parties search for sympathizers▶ the issue no longer predominates,but stereotypes and paradoxicalthinking▶ provocations and even denouncingthe opponent are taking place▶ it seems that only one can win,one can loseStage 5: Loss of face▶ personal and public attacks to destroythe moral integrity of the opponentfrom both sides▶ perspective is one of angel‐devil▶ it is not longer possible for the partiesto listen to external points of view▶ ideologies, values and principlespredominate the scene▶ loss of confidence is complete▶ loss of face on both sidesStage 6: Strategies of threat▶ both parties try to controlthe situation by threateningeach other and illustratingtheir own power over the other▶ stress increases throughultimatum/sanctions and intensifiedcounter‐ultimatum/sanctions6 . T h e d y n a m i c s o f c o n f l i c t s a n d v i o l e n c e 171
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Peacebuilding& conflict transformat
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Peacebuilding& conflict transformat
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Table of contentsEditors’ Forewor
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2.1 Aspects of conflicts . . . . .
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Editors’ forewordWhen Katharina S
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ForewordDear user(s), this resource
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This version is accompanied by the
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process our social connectedness as
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I.PEACE
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Peace and striving for peace are at
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▶ Peace is an interweaving of rel
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peace encompasses all aspects of a
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1.5 Strategies for peaceMahatma Gan
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▶ International Convention on the
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There is a great deal of human suff
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2.2 Principles for peacebuildingThe
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InfrastructureInfrastructure is req
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ebuilding community structures, per
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3.1 What is peace education?Peace e
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NonviolenceNonviolence means that f
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the fear of the one’s personal po
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▶ Discover inner peace —this me
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4.1.2 Peace as a research activity
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II.COMMUNICATION
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2. Facts about communication2.1 It
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2.5 Implicit and explicit messagesA
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2.7 Our own fantasySometimes one re
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3.1 Verbal communication“Speech i
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Facial expressions: show emotions o
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Smelling using the nose to listen t
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Intrapersonal communication … is
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7. Receiving and sending7.1 The cyc
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All four aspects must be properly r
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Dimension of information/factual le
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Additionally, a receiver whose self
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8. Factors influencing the qualityo
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the listener is expected to clearly
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Set context and state the purpose o
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Keep in mind:▶ When overused, act
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Don’t say “You know something w
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10.1.3 SummarizingA summary is simi
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ClarifyingClarifying means to use t
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Questioning techniques / Interrogat
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Obviously, before even thinking of
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Helpful - de-escalating effectExpre
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Additionally, people actively invol
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1. Conflict - a fact of lifeSymbol
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2. Social conflict2.1 What is typic
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Examples▶ Two people disagree on
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2.3 Typical conflict behavioursThe
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conflict transformation skills as i
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AttitudeAttitude means the way an i
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Respect: self‐respect, personal i
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acquired by everyone. If dialogue a
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Sources of powerThere are various s
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. Needs and their classificationsHu
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or any other differentiating charac
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How we are likely to feel when our
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Structural conflict is caused by un
Page 123 and 124: IV.TOOLS FORANALYSIS
Page 125 and 126: Context analysis in peace building
Page 127 and 128: Conflict analysis can be carried ou
Page 129 and 130: a) good conflict analysis skills,b)
Page 131 and 132: Decide and agree on the meaning of
Page 133 and 134: Example - Age limit for CYF members
Page 135 and 136: 3.4 ABC - triangleWhat is it?▶ Th
Page 137 and 138: When to use it?▶ with a group hav
Page 139 and 140: 3.7 Pyramid - three level triangleW
Page 141: ▶ Relationship: identify and desc
Page 144 and 145: 1. IntroductionViolence is a phenom
Page 146 and 147: ▶ Worldwide, violence is used as
Page 148 and 149: Core of use of objects (weapons)Vis
Page 150 and 151: 4. Dimensions of violence - a typol
Page 152 and 153: ▶ Direct violence means an indivi
Page 154 and 155: using industrialized nations cause
Page 156 and 157: tual condition compared to what wou
Page 158 and 159: 6. The dynamics of conflicts and vi
Page 160 and 161: Survival or physical level - The in
Page 162 and 163: 6.1.2 Aggression and…Aggression a
Page 164 and 165: ▶ One can use so‐called ‘invi
Page 166 and 167: tooth” are common all over the wo
Page 168 and 169: 6.3.1 From unmet needs to crisis -
Page 170 and 171: Fire begins to burnConfrontation/Op
Page 174 and 175: 3. LEVEL THREE (LOSE-LOSE)Stage 7:
Page 176 and 177: to describe emotions or speak about
Page 178 and 179: eaction and answer concerning the d
Page 180 and 181: 7.3 Violence and genderSEXrefers on
Page 182 and 183: Gender based violenceGender based v
Page 184 and 185: 7.5 Violence and ideology▶ Nation
Page 186 and 187: with equal alacrity by people on th
Page 188 and 189: 9. Effects of violenceViolent confl
Page 191 and 192: VI.NONVIOLENCE
Page 193 and 194: 2. Historical roots2.1 ReligionNonv
Page 195 and 196: Mahatma Gandhi was born a Hindu, pr
Page 197 and 198: colonial and post‐colonial eras.
Page 199 and 200: ▶ Generations to come will scarce
Page 201 and 202: elieve people and not profit are ce
Page 203 and 204: Methods of nonviolent protestNonvio
Page 205 and 206: Nonviolent communication skills are
Page 207 and 208: ▶ Mr. A is more concerned about t
Page 209 and 210: A kind of misery about one’s own
Page 211 and 212: Demand‘I want you to do it, if yo
Page 213 and 214: ▶ “When I see…” “When I h
Page 215 and 216: The following list provides some mo
Page 217 and 218: Feelings are often associated with
Page 219 and 220: To clearly identify and name our em
Page 221 and 222: Fun fulfilled by laughing and playi
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RequestThe fourth and last componen
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We help others to trust that we are
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This involves the four areas of non
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3) Connect your thoughts with your
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A verbal wound is as bad as a physi
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4. Translating the others’ blame
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VII.FAIR PLAY
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2. Fairness and sportsAlthough fair
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▶ Sports can be used to counter v
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Fair Play PointsIf rules are establ
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4. Principles for teaching fair pla
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GangingAn irritating situation can
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national institutions to send out a
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VIII.CONFLICTTRANSFORMATION
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flict is either settled forever or
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The major aims of dealing construct
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7. Introducing a third party with s
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▶ Do not damage your opponent’s
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2. Conflict strategies -approaches
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modate put relationships first, ign
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New ideas are created when working
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CONFRON TA-TION /COMPETITIONAVOIDAN
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parency about feelings and percepti
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Answers to the following questions
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▶ Interest‐based negotiation is
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“Blessed be the peacemakers for t
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They can talk directly (with the me
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Strength and weaknessA mediator’s
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5.4 Phases of mediationThe process
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Ground rulesExplain the ground rule
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Phase 3 Clarify the problem/develop
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Deliberate on every optional soluti
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CHECKLIST FOR MEDIATORSPhase IOpeni
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APPENDIX
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15. United Nations: Charter of the
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6. Lederach, John Paul: Preparing f
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24. Burton, John: Resolving deep ro
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24. Dugan, Máire A.: Aggression. B
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Part VI - Nonviolence1. Wink, Walte
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5. Sadako Ogata (High Commissioner
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ReferencesAbiew, Francis Kofi & Kea
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Foucault, Michael: The History of S
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Lederach, John Paul: Preparing for
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Schweitzer, Christine (et al): Civi
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Gandhi’s principlesLive as if you
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“I have a dream” - Martin Luthe
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persecution and staggered by the wi
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Excerpts from the joint position pa
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experts and their local colleagues.
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Katharina Schilling is a medical nu
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Peacebuilding &conflict transformation A ... - Peaceworkafrica

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