Peacebuilding &conflict transformation A ... - Peaceworkafrica

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What is the purpose/goal?▶ understand the situation better▶ see the relationship between parties more clearly▶ clarify where power lies▶ check the balance of one’s own activity and contact▶ identify openings for intervention or action▶ evaluate what has been done already▶ provide insight into the nature of a conflict. Often the issues underlyingthe observed relationships can be identified through visualizing the relations.How to conduct it?▶ Decide what you want to map, when and from what viewpoint.▶ Developing several maps of the same situation from different viewpointscan be helpful.When to use it?▶ early in a conflict process,▶ later in a conflict process to identify possible entry points for action/intervention or to help shape the process of strategy building.PARTYCPARTYFPARTYBI S S U EPARTYAOUTSIDEPARTYPARTYEPARTYD128 I V. TO O L S F O R A N A LY S I S
Decide and agree on the meaning of the symbols, for example:The circles symbolize the different actors.The size of the circle symbolizeseach actor’s power in relation to the issueof the conflict.A solid line symbolizes a closerelationship.A double line symbolizes an alliance.A dotted line symbolizes a weak relationship.Zigzags symbolize conflict.A flash symbolizes that the conflict is violent.An arrow symbolizes the domination of oneactor over another.A triangle symbolizes actors who are notdirectly involved and who might contribute constructivelyto the transformation of the conflict.Example of mapping needs, interests and fearsThe purpose of this kind of map is to move beyond the public or obvious positionsof the parties and identify each party’s needs and interests. This is often the area ofcommon ground and the basis for further discussions.Actor XPosition:Interest:Need: 1 … 2 … 3 …Fear: 1 … 2 … 3 …Actor APosition:Interest:Need: 1 … 2 … 3 …Fear: 1 … 2 … 3 …I S S U EActor YPosition:Interest:Need: 1 … 2 … 3 …Fear: 1 … 2 … 3 …Actor ZPosition:Interest:Need: 1 … 2 … 3 …Fear: 1 … 2 … 3 …3 . D i f f e r e n t t o o l s f o r c o n f l i c t a n a l y s i s 129
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Peacebuilding& conflict transformat
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Peacebuilding& conflict transformat
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Table of contentsEditors’ Forewor
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2.1 Aspects of conflicts . . . . .
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Editors’ forewordWhen Katharina S
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ForewordDear user(s), this resource
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This version is accompanied by the
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process our social connectedness as
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I.PEACE
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Peace and striving for peace are at
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▶ Peace is an interweaving of rel
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peace encompasses all aspects of a
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1.5 Strategies for peaceMahatma Gan
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▶ International Convention on the
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There is a great deal of human suff
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2.2 Principles for peacebuildingThe
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InfrastructureInfrastructure is req
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ebuilding community structures, per
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3.1 What is peace education?Peace e
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NonviolenceNonviolence means that f
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the fear of the one’s personal po
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▶ Discover inner peace —this me
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4.1.2 Peace as a research activity
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II.COMMUNICATION
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2. Facts about communication2.1 It
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2.5 Implicit and explicit messagesA
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2.7 Our own fantasySometimes one re
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3.1 Verbal communication“Speech i
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Facial expressions: show emotions o
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Smelling using the nose to listen t
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Intrapersonal communication … is
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7. Receiving and sending7.1 The cyc
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All four aspects must be properly r
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Dimension of information/factual le
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Additionally, a receiver whose self
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8. Factors influencing the qualityo
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the listener is expected to clearly
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Set context and state the purpose o
Page 79 and 80: Keep in mind:▶ When overused, act
Page 81 and 82: Don’t say “You know something w
Page 83 and 84: 10.1.3 SummarizingA summary is simi
Page 85 and 86: ClarifyingClarifying means to use t
Page 87 and 88: Questioning techniques / Interrogat
Page 89 and 90: Obviously, before even thinking of
Page 91 and 92: Helpful - de-escalating effectExpre
Page 93: Additionally, people actively invol
Page 96 and 97: 1. Conflict - a fact of lifeSymbol
Page 98 and 99: 2. Social conflict2.1 What is typic
Page 100 and 101: Examples▶ Two people disagree on
Page 102 and 103: 2.3 Typical conflict behavioursThe
Page 104 and 105: conflict transformation skills as i
Page 106 and 107: AttitudeAttitude means the way an i
Page 108 and 109: Respect: self‐respect, personal i
Page 110 and 111: acquired by everyone. If dialogue a
Page 112 and 113: Sources of powerThere are various s
Page 114 and 115: . Needs and their classificationsHu
Page 116 and 117: or any other differentiating charac
Page 118 and 119: How we are likely to feel when our
Page 120 and 121: Structural conflict is caused by un
Page 123 and 124: IV.TOOLS FORANALYSIS
Page 125 and 126: Context analysis in peace building
Page 127 and 128: Conflict analysis can be carried ou
Page 129: a) good conflict analysis skills,b)
Page 133 and 134: Example - Age limit for CYF members
Page 135 and 136: 3.4 ABC - triangleWhat is it?▶ Th
Page 137 and 138: When to use it?▶ with a group hav
Page 139 and 140: 3.7 Pyramid - three level triangleW
Page 141: ▶ Relationship: identify and desc
Page 144 and 145: 1. IntroductionViolence is a phenom
Page 146 and 147: ▶ Worldwide, violence is used as
Page 148 and 149: Core of use of objects (weapons)Vis
Page 150 and 151: 4. Dimensions of violence - a typol
Page 152 and 153: ▶ Direct violence means an indivi
Page 154 and 155: using industrialized nations cause
Page 156 and 157: tual condition compared to what wou
Page 158 and 159: 6. The dynamics of conflicts and vi
Page 160 and 161: Survival or physical level - The in
Page 162 and 163: 6.1.2 Aggression and…Aggression a
Page 164 and 165: ▶ One can use so‐called ‘invi
Page 166 and 167: tooth” are common all over the wo
Page 168 and 169: 6.3.1 From unmet needs to crisis -
Page 170 and 171: Fire begins to burnConfrontation/Op
Page 172 and 173: 6.3.4 F. Glasl’s - nine stages of
Page 174 and 175: 3. LEVEL THREE (LOSE-LOSE)Stage 7:
Page 176 and 177: to describe emotions or speak about
Page 178 and 179: eaction and answer concerning the d
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7.3 Violence and genderSEXrefers on
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Gender based violenceGender based v
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7.5 Violence and ideology▶ Nation
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with equal alacrity by people on th
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9. Effects of violenceViolent confl
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VI.NONVIOLENCE
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2. Historical roots2.1 ReligionNonv
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Mahatma Gandhi was born a Hindu, pr
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colonial and post‐colonial eras.
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▶ Generations to come will scarce
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elieve people and not profit are ce
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Methods of nonviolent protestNonvio
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Nonviolent communication skills are
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▶ Mr. A is more concerned about t
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A kind of misery about one’s own
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Demand‘I want you to do it, if yo
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▶ “When I see…” “When I h
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The following list provides some mo
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Feelings are often associated with
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To clearly identify and name our em
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Fun fulfilled by laughing and playi
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RequestThe fourth and last componen
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We help others to trust that we are
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This involves the four areas of non
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3) Connect your thoughts with your
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A verbal wound is as bad as a physi
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4. Translating the others’ blame
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VII.FAIR PLAY
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2. Fairness and sportsAlthough fair
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▶ Sports can be used to counter v
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Fair Play PointsIf rules are establ
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4. Principles for teaching fair pla
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GangingAn irritating situation can
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national institutions to send out a
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VIII.CONFLICTTRANSFORMATION
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flict is either settled forever or
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The major aims of dealing construct
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7. Introducing a third party with s
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▶ Do not damage your opponent’s
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2. Conflict strategies -approaches
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modate put relationships first, ign
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New ideas are created when working
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CONFRON TA-TION /COMPETITIONAVOIDAN
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parency about feelings and percepti
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Answers to the following questions
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▶ Interest‐based negotiation is
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“Blessed be the peacemakers for t
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They can talk directly (with the me
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Strength and weaknessA mediator’s
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5.4 Phases of mediationThe process
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Ground rulesExplain the ground rule
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Phase 3 Clarify the problem/develop
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Deliberate on every optional soluti
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CHECKLIST FOR MEDIATORSPhase IOpeni
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APPENDIX
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15. United Nations: Charter of the
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6. Lederach, John Paul: Preparing f
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24. Burton, John: Resolving deep ro
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24. Dugan, Máire A.: Aggression. B
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Part VI - Nonviolence1. Wink, Walte
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5. Sadako Ogata (High Commissioner
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ReferencesAbiew, Francis Kofi & Kea
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Foucault, Michael: The History of S
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Lederach, John Paul: Preparing for
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Schweitzer, Christine (et al): Civi
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Gandhi’s principlesLive as if you
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“I have a dream” - Martin Luthe
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persecution and staggered by the wi
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Excerpts from the joint position pa
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experts and their local colleagues.
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Katharina Schilling is a medical nu
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