10. Sources for the various aspects: Miall, Hugh: Conflict Transformation: A Multi‐Dimensional Task,2004; LeBaron, Michelle: Transforming Cultural Conflict in an Age of Complexity, 2001; Lederach,John Paul: Preparing for Peace: Conflict Transformation Across Cultures, 1996 p. 9; Augsburger,David W.: Conflict Mediation Across Cultures, 1992 p. 11–41; Masciulli, Joseph: From a Culture of Violenceto a Culture of Peace. Evolving cosmopolitan politics and ethics, 2004 p. 331 f.; Caritas Internationalis:<strong>Peacebuilding</strong>: A Caritas Training Manual, 2002 p. 53–57; Fisher, Simon (et al): Workingwith Conflict, Skills and Strategies for Action, 2000 p. 37–53; Mischnick, Ruth Ph. D: Nonviolent ConflictTransformation, Training Manual for a Training of Trainers Course, p. 25–28; Siebenhühner,Peter & Hagen, Berndt: Handbook for Trainers and Practitioners in Conflict Resolution, Part I, Introductionto Conflict Management, p. 18; Dulabaum, Nina L.: Mediation: Das ABC, Die Kunst, in Konfliktenerfolgreich zu vermitteln, 2001 p. 12, 44 f., 131 f.; Moore, Christopher W.: The Mediation Process:practical strategies for resolving <strong>conflict</strong>s, 1986 p. 27; Fisher, Roger & Ury, William & Patton, Bruce:Das Harvard Konzept. Sachgerecht verhandeln – erfolgreich verhandeln, 2001 p. 68–86; Anderson,Mary B.: Do No Harm. How aid can support peace – or war, 199911. Trompenaars, Fons & Hampden‐Turner, Charles: Riding The Waves of Culture: Understanding Diversityin Global Business, 1997 p. 20–2712. Terpstra, Vern & David, Kenneth H.: The cultural environment of international business, 199113. Hofstede, Geert: Lokales Denken, globales Handeln, Interkulturelle Zusammenarbeit und globalesManagement, 2001 p. 2–614. Lederach, John Paul: Preparing for Peace. Conflict Transformation Across Cultures, 1996 p. 9–1015. Hofstede, Geert: Lokales Denken, globales Handeln, Interkulturelle Zusammenarbeit und globalesManagement, 2001 p. 9 f; Hill, Brian V.: Citizenship and the teaching of values, 1996 p. 35–43; Simbiri‐Jaoko,Florence: Traditional Values and indigenous culture: Inspirations for human rights mechanism,2012 p. 40–4916. Augsburger, David W.: Conflict Mediation Across Cultures, 1992 p. 108 f.17. Note that each group has its own culture that is embedded in another culture, e.g.: youth culture ofxy‐organization embedded in the national culture of the xyz‐state.18. Lederach, John Paul: Preparing for Peace. Conflict Transformation Across Cultures, 1996 p. 42 f.; Dulabaum,Nina L.: Mediation: Das ABC, Die Kunst, in Konflikten erfolgreich zu vermitteln, 2001 p. 131–13519. Mischnick, Ruth Ph. D: Nonviolent Conflict Transformation, Training Manual for a Training ofTrainers Course, p. 81–83; Fisher, Simon (et al): Working with Conflict, Skills and Strategies for Action,2000 p. 98 f.20. Sources for Chapter 4.2. Power: Fisher, Simon (et al): Working with Conflict, Skills and Strategies forAction, 2000 p. 38–41; Augsburger, David W.: Conflict Mediation Across Cultures, 1992 p. 73–112;Besemer, Christoph: Mediation – Vermittlung in Konflikten, 2000 p. 55–91; Francis, Diana: Culture,Power Asymmetries and Gender in Conflict Transformation 2008, Caritas Internationalis: <strong>Peacebuilding</strong>:A Caritas Training Manual, 2002 p. 64 f.; Confortini, Catia C.: Galtung, Violence and Gender:The Case for a Peace Studies, 2006 p. 341 f.21. Augsburger, David W.: Conflict Mediation Across Cultures, 1992 p. 55–57, 62–63; Galtung, Johan:Conflict Transformation by peaceful means 2000, Module III p. 6–7; Galtung, Johan: Peace, humanrights and development in a multi‐polar and evolving world, 2012; Marker, Sandra: Unmet HumanNeeds, Beyond Intractability, 2003; Siebenhühner, Peter & Hagen, Berndt: Handbook for Trainers andPractitioners in Conflict Resolution, Part I, Introduction to Conflict Management, p. 63–65; Mischnick,Ruth Ph. D: Nonviolent Conflict Transformation, Training Manual for a Training of Trainers Course,p. 25; Fisher, Roger & Ury, William & Patton, Bruce: Das Harvard Konzept. Sachgerecht verhandeln –erfolgreich verhandeln, 2001 p. 78–8022. Maslow, A. H.,: Towards a psychology of being, 1968.; Hofstede, Geert: Lokales Denken, globales Handeln,Interkulturelle Zusammenarbeit und globales Management, 2001 p. 177 f.23. Rosenberg, Marshall B.: Nonviolent Communication – A language of life, 2003; see also Part VI –Nonviolence, Chapter 5 – Nonviolent Communication292 A P P E N D I X
24. Burton, John: Resolving deep rooted <strong>conflict</strong>, 1987 p. 16–17, 22; Burton, John (ed.): Conflict: HumanNeeds Theory, 1990 p. viii, 337 f.25. Dudouet, Véronique & Schmelzle, Beatrix (eds.): Human Rights and Conflict Transformation. TheChallenges of Just Peace, 2010; Fisher, Simon (et al): Working with Conflict, Skills and Strategies forAction, 2000 p. 50–53; Galtung, Johan: Human rights in another key, 1994 p. 141; Ho, Kathleen: StructuralViolence as a Human Rights Violation, 200726. Rosenberg, Marshall B.: Nonviolent Communication – A Language of Life, 2003; Leu, Lucy: NonviolentCommunication, Companion Workbook – A practical guide for individual, group or classroomstudy, 2003; Dulabaum, Nina L.: Mediation: Das ABC, Die Kunst, in Konflikten erfolgreich zu vermitteln,2001 p. 165–181; Besemer, Christoph: Mediation – Vermittlung in Konflikten, 2000 p. 24–33,89–91; Augsburger, David W.: Conflict Mediation Across Cultures, 1992 p. 121–12727. Wallis, Jim: The Soul of Politics: A Practical and Prophetic Vision of Change, 1994, p. 205; Dulabaum,Nina L.: Mediation: Das ABC, Die Kunst, in Konflikten erfolgreich zu vermitteln, 2001 p. 44–49;Besemer, Christoph: Mediation – Vermittlung in Konflikten, 2000 p. 30 f.; Fisher, Simon (et al):Working with Conflict, Skills and Strategies for Action, 2000 p. 37–53; Lederach, John Paul: Preparingfor Peace. Conflict Transformation Across Cultures, 1996 p. 4–10; Glasl, Friedrich: Konfliktmanagement,Ein Handbuch für Führungskräfte, Beraterinnen und Berater, 2002 p. 47–8228. Coser, Lewis A.: The functions of social <strong>conflict</strong>, 1956 p. 151–157Part IV – Tools for analysis1. Mapinduzi Journal 1, Context Analysis: an important step towards a strategy for social change. Editors:Flaubert Djateng and Christiane Kayser, Berlin 20102. Sources for chapter 2 and 3: Fisher, Simon (et al): Working with Conflict, Skills and Strategies forAction, 2000 p. 17–35; Mischnick, Ruth Ph. D: Nonviolent Conflict Transformation, Training Manualfor a Training of Trainers Course, p. 40–55; Caritas Internationalis: <strong>Peacebuilding</strong>: A Caritas TrainingManual, 2002 p. 60–64; Siebenhühner, Peter & Hagen, Berndt: Handbook for Trainers and Practitionersin Conflict Resolution, Part I, Introduction to Conflict Management, p. 59–71; Glasl, Friedrich:Konfliktmanagement, Ein Handbuch für Führungskräfte, Beraterinnen und Berater, 2002 p. 95–1543. Fisher, Roger & Ury, William & Patton, Bruce: Das Harvard Konzept, 2001 p. 68–86Part V – Violence1. Arendt Hannah: On violence, 1969 p. 522. Sources for Part V – Violence: Arendt Hannah: On violence, 1969; Arendt, Hannah: On Violence inCrises in theRepublic, 1972 p. 134–155; Mischnick, Ruth Ph. D: Nonviolent Conflict Transformation,Training Manual for a Training of Trainers Course, p. 28–30; UNESCO: UN Resolution: Culture ofPeace, The Seville Statement; Besemer, Christoph: Konflikte verstehen und lösen lernen, Ein Erklä -rungs‐ und Handlungsmodell zur Entwurzelung von Gewalt nach Pat Patfoort, 1999; Commission forJustice and Peace, Archdiocese Bamenda: Peace Education Manual for Secondary Schools, 2011Chapter 5; Galtung, Johan: Conflict Transformation by peaceful means, 2000 Module V, Units 21–25;Glasl, Friedrich: Konfliktmanagement, Ein Handbuch für Führungskräfte, Beraterinnen und Berater2002; Gugel, Günther / Jäger, Uli: Gewalt muss nicht sein. Eine Einführung in friedenspädagogischesDenken und Handeln, 1997; Günther, Gugel, Seminar Gewaltprävention, 2003; Gugel, Günther:Handbuch Gewaltprävention II, 2010; Gugel, Günther: Entscheidung im Unterricht – das ThemaJugendgewalt, 2010; Lederach, John Paul: Preparing for Peace: Conflict Transformation Across Cultures,1996; Masciulli, Joseph: From a Culture of Violence to a Culture of Peace. Evolving cosmopolitanN o t e s 293
- Page 1:
Peacebuilding& conflict transformat
- Page 5 and 6:
Peacebuilding& conflict transformat
- Page 7 and 8:
Table of contentsEditors’ Forewor
- Page 9 and 10:
2.1 Aspects of conflicts . . . . .
- Page 11 and 12:
Editors’ forewordWhen Katharina S
- Page 13 and 14:
ForewordDear user(s), this resource
- Page 15 and 16:
This version is accompanied by the
- Page 17 and 18:
process our social connectedness as
- Page 19 and 20:
I.PEACE
- Page 21 and 22:
Peace and striving for peace are at
- Page 23 and 24:
▶ Peace is an interweaving of rel
- Page 25 and 26:
peace encompasses all aspects of a
- Page 27 and 28:
1.5 Strategies for peaceMahatma Gan
- Page 29 and 30:
▶ International Convention on the
- Page 31 and 32:
There is a great deal of human suff
- Page 33 and 34:
2.2 Principles for peacebuildingThe
- Page 35 and 36:
InfrastructureInfrastructure is req
- Page 37 and 38:
ebuilding community structures, per
- Page 39 and 40:
3.1 What is peace education?Peace e
- Page 41 and 42:
NonviolenceNonviolence means that f
- Page 43 and 44:
the fear of the one’s personal po
- Page 45 and 46:
▶ Discover inner peace —this me
- Page 47 and 48:
4.1.2 Peace as a research activity
- Page 49 and 50:
II.COMMUNICATION
- Page 51 and 52:
2. Facts about communication2.1 It
- Page 53 and 54:
2.5 Implicit and explicit messagesA
- Page 55 and 56:
2.7 Our own fantasySometimes one re
- Page 57 and 58:
3.1 Verbal communication“Speech i
- Page 59 and 60:
Facial expressions: show emotions o
- Page 61 and 62:
Smelling using the nose to listen t
- Page 63 and 64:
Intrapersonal communication … is
- Page 65 and 66:
7. Receiving and sending7.1 The cyc
- Page 67 and 68:
All four aspects must be properly r
- Page 69 and 70:
Dimension of information/factual le
- Page 71 and 72:
Additionally, a receiver whose self
- Page 73 and 74:
8. Factors influencing the qualityo
- Page 75 and 76:
the listener is expected to clearly
- Page 77 and 78:
Set context and state the purpose o
- Page 79 and 80:
Keep in mind:▶ When overused, act
- Page 81 and 82:
Don’t say “You know something w
- Page 83 and 84:
10.1.3 SummarizingA summary is simi
- Page 85 and 86:
ClarifyingClarifying means to use t
- Page 87 and 88:
Questioning techniques / Interrogat
- Page 89 and 90:
Obviously, before even thinking of
- Page 91 and 92:
Helpful - de-escalating effectExpre
- Page 93:
Additionally, people actively invol
- Page 96 and 97:
1. Conflict - a fact of lifeSymbol
- Page 98 and 99:
2. Social conflict2.1 What is typic
- Page 100 and 101:
Examples▶ Two people disagree on
- Page 102 and 103:
2.3 Typical conflict behavioursThe
- Page 104 and 105:
conflict transformation skills as i
- Page 106 and 107:
AttitudeAttitude means the way an i
- Page 108 and 109:
Respect: self‐respect, personal i
- Page 110 and 111:
acquired by everyone. If dialogue a
- Page 112 and 113:
Sources of powerThere are various s
- Page 114 and 115:
. Needs and their classificationsHu
- Page 116 and 117:
or any other differentiating charac
- Page 118 and 119:
How we are likely to feel when our
- Page 120 and 121:
Structural conflict is caused by un
- Page 123 and 124:
IV.TOOLS FORANALYSIS
- Page 125 and 126:
Context analysis in peace building
- Page 127 and 128:
Conflict analysis can be carried ou
- Page 129 and 130:
a) good conflict analysis skills,b)
- Page 131 and 132:
Decide and agree on the meaning of
- Page 133 and 134:
Example - Age limit for CYF members
- Page 135 and 136:
3.4 ABC - triangleWhat is it?▶ Th
- Page 137 and 138:
When to use it?▶ with a group hav
- Page 139 and 140:
3.7 Pyramid - three level triangleW
- Page 141:
▶ Relationship: identify and desc
- Page 144 and 145:
1. IntroductionViolence is a phenom
- Page 146 and 147:
▶ Worldwide, violence is used as
- Page 148 and 149:
Core of use of objects (weapons)Vis
- Page 150 and 151:
4. Dimensions of violence - a typol
- Page 152 and 153:
▶ Direct violence means an indivi
- Page 154 and 155:
using industrialized nations cause
- Page 156 and 157:
tual condition compared to what wou
- Page 158 and 159:
6. The dynamics of conflicts and vi
- Page 160 and 161:
Survival or physical level - The in
- Page 162 and 163:
6.1.2 Aggression and…Aggression a
- Page 164 and 165:
▶ One can use so‐called ‘invi
- Page 166 and 167:
tooth” are common all over the wo
- Page 168 and 169:
6.3.1 From unmet needs to crisis -
- Page 170 and 171:
Fire begins to burnConfrontation/Op
- Page 172 and 173:
6.3.4 F. Glasl’s - nine stages of
- Page 174 and 175:
3. LEVEL THREE (LOSE-LOSE)Stage 7:
- Page 176 and 177:
to describe emotions or speak about
- Page 178 and 179:
eaction and answer concerning the d
- Page 180 and 181:
7.3 Violence and genderSEXrefers on
- Page 182 and 183:
Gender based violenceGender based v
- Page 184 and 185:
7.5 Violence and ideology▶ Nation
- Page 186 and 187:
with equal alacrity by people on th
- Page 188 and 189:
9. Effects of violenceViolent confl
- Page 191 and 192:
VI.NONVIOLENCE
- Page 193 and 194:
2. Historical roots2.1 ReligionNonv
- Page 195 and 196:
Mahatma Gandhi was born a Hindu, pr
- Page 197 and 198:
colonial and post‐colonial eras.
- Page 199 and 200:
▶ Generations to come will scarce
- Page 201 and 202:
elieve people and not profit are ce
- Page 203 and 204:
Methods of nonviolent protestNonvio
- Page 205 and 206:
Nonviolent communication skills are
- Page 207 and 208:
▶ Mr. A is more concerned about t
- Page 209 and 210:
A kind of misery about one’s own
- Page 211 and 212:
Demand‘I want you to do it, if yo
- Page 213 and 214:
▶ “When I see…” “When I h
- Page 215 and 216:
The following list provides some mo
- Page 217 and 218:
Feelings are often associated with
- Page 219 and 220:
To clearly identify and name our em
- Page 221 and 222:
Fun fulfilled by laughing and playi
- Page 223 and 224:
RequestThe fourth and last componen
- Page 225 and 226:
We help others to trust that we are
- Page 227 and 228:
This involves the four areas of non
- Page 229 and 230:
3) Connect your thoughts with your
- Page 231 and 232:
A verbal wound is as bad as a physi
- Page 233 and 234:
4. Translating the others’ blame
- Page 235 and 236:
VII.FAIR PLAY
- Page 237 and 238:
2. Fairness and sportsAlthough fair
- Page 239 and 240:
▶ Sports can be used to counter v
- Page 241 and 242:
Fair Play PointsIf rules are establ
- Page 243 and 244: 4. Principles for teaching fair pla
- Page 245 and 246: GangingAn irritating situation can
- Page 247 and 248: national institutions to send out a
- Page 249 and 250: VIII.CONFLICTTRANSFORMATION
- Page 251 and 252: flict is either settled forever or
- Page 253 and 254: The major aims of dealing construct
- Page 255 and 256: 7. Introducing a third party with s
- Page 257 and 258: ▶ Do not damage your opponent’s
- Page 259 and 260: 2. Conflict strategies -approaches
- Page 261 and 262: modate put relationships first, ign
- Page 263 and 264: New ideas are created when working
- Page 265 and 266: CONFRON TA-TION /COMPETITIONAVOIDAN
- Page 267 and 268: parency about feelings and percepti
- Page 269 and 270: Answers to the following questions
- Page 271 and 272: ▶ Interest‐based negotiation is
- Page 273 and 274: “Blessed be the peacemakers for t
- Page 275 and 276: They can talk directly (with the me
- Page 277 and 278: Strength and weaknessA mediator’s
- Page 279 and 280: 5.4 Phases of mediationThe process
- Page 281 and 282: Ground rulesExplain the ground rule
- Page 283 and 284: Phase 3 Clarify the problem/develop
- Page 285 and 286: Deliberate on every optional soluti
- Page 287 and 288: CHECKLIST FOR MEDIATORSPhase IOpeni
- Page 289 and 290: APPENDIX
- Page 291 and 292: 15. United Nations: Charter of the
- Page 293: 6. Lederach, John Paul: Preparing f
- Page 297 and 298: 24. Dugan, Máire A.: Aggression. B
- Page 299 and 300: Part VI - Nonviolence1. Wink, Walte
- Page 301 and 302: 5. Sadako Ogata (High Commissioner
- Page 303 and 304: ReferencesAbiew, Francis Kofi & Kea
- Page 305 and 306: Foucault, Michael: The History of S
- Page 307 and 308: Lederach, John Paul: Preparing for
- Page 309 and 310: Schweitzer, Christine (et al): Civi
- Page 311 and 312: Gandhi’s principlesLive as if you
- Page 313 and 314: “I have a dream” - Martin Luthe
- Page 315 and 316: persecution and staggered by the wi
- Page 317 and 318: Excerpts from the joint position pa
- Page 319 and 320: experts and their local colleagues.
- Page 321: Katharina Schilling is a medical nu