Peacebuilding &conflict transformation A ... - Peaceworkafrica

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Phase 5 Agreement/DecisionThroughout the process the parties take decisions.In this last phase of a mediation processthe mediator helps the parties to identify and tosort out areas of agreement and disagreement.Make the parties aware that one outcome of the process is their willingness todialogue. This is how they reached an understanding, found the root causes of theirconflict and are now in the phase of discussion on how to change in the future.A written agreement is evidence that the conflicting parties accomplishedsomething together, it reminds them what they agreed to, prevents misunderstandingsafterward and gives a clear ending point to the mediation process. In cultureswhich resolve disagreements with verbal promises, you may face resistance againstwriting an agreement. People may feel a lack of trust in their promises. Try to find outwhat creates an uncomfortable feeling and let the parties agree upon how to proceed.Help parties to formulate the agreement▶ Support the parties to formulate the issues.▶ An agreement should clearly state “who agrees to do what and when”.▶ Remind them of the consequences of violating the agreement.Review each point of agreement▶ Check if the wording is okay: use clear, familiar words, make straightforward sentences, avoid bureaucratic language and statements that couldbe interpreted in more than one way, watch for ambiguous words likefriendly, soon, cooperative, etc.▶ Check if the solution is acceptable to all the parties.▶ Check if the whole agreement is well‐balanced.▶ Listen carefully to their uneasiness to determine whether the agreementmeets all the parties’ interests and needs.Write the final agreement and read it aloud▶ Draw up a final copy during the session.▶ Read it aloud to make sure that each person follows and agrees.Have everyone present sign and give each party a copy▶ Let the parties sign to show their agreement.▶ The mediator signs in her/his role as participant and witness.Talk about follow up▶ How will the parties communicate in future when problems arise?▶ Will they meet with the mediator after an agreed time?284 V I I I . C O N F L I C T T R A N S F O R M AT I O N
CHECKLIST FOR MEDIATORSPhase IOpening▶ Welcome and words of encouragement▶ Introduction of mediator and conflict parties▶ What do I (mediator) know about the conflict▶ Expectations of conflict parties▶ Mediator’s role▶ Formalities▶ Ground rules▶ Confidentiality▶ Outline the mediation procedure▶ Willingness to go aheadPhase II Air all viewpoints▶ Set a courteous, unhurried tone▶ Explain listening and speaking▶ Protect each person’s speaking time▶ Summarize viewpoints andreflect feelings for each party▶ End each turn by checking that the personhas finishedPhase III Clarify the problem▶ Ask clarifying questions▶ Encourage the parties to talk▶ Listen for interests, issues, needs andfeelings▶ Summarize the parties’ concernsonce in a while▶ Help each party to understand their ownand the others needs, interests, values…▶ Watch for moments of mutualunderstanding▶ List the issues to be negotiated▶ Note down possible solutions suggested5 . M e d i a t i o n 285
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Peacebuilding& conflict transformat
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Peacebuilding& conflict transformat
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Table of contentsEditors’ Forewor
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2.1 Aspects of conflicts . . . . .
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Editors’ forewordWhen Katharina S
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ForewordDear user(s), this resource
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This version is accompanied by the
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process our social connectedness as
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I.PEACE
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Peace and striving for peace are at
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▶ Peace is an interweaving of rel
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peace encompasses all aspects of a
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1.5 Strategies for peaceMahatma Gan
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▶ International Convention on the
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There is a great deal of human suff
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2.2 Principles for peacebuildingThe
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InfrastructureInfrastructure is req
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ebuilding community structures, per
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3.1 What is peace education?Peace e
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NonviolenceNonviolence means that f
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the fear of the one’s personal po
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▶ Discover inner peace —this me
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4.1.2 Peace as a research activity
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II.COMMUNICATION
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2. Facts about communication2.1 It
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2.5 Implicit and explicit messagesA
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2.7 Our own fantasySometimes one re
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3.1 Verbal communication“Speech i
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Facial expressions: show emotions o
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Smelling using the nose to listen t
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Intrapersonal communication … is
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7. Receiving and sending7.1 The cyc
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All four aspects must be properly r
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Dimension of information/factual le
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Additionally, a receiver whose self
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8. Factors influencing the qualityo
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the listener is expected to clearly
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Set context and state the purpose o
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Keep in mind:▶ When overused, act
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Don’t say “You know something w
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10.1.3 SummarizingA summary is simi
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ClarifyingClarifying means to use t
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Questioning techniques / Interrogat
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Obviously, before even thinking of
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Helpful - de-escalating effectExpre
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Additionally, people actively invol
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1. Conflict - a fact of lifeSymbol
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2. Social conflict2.1 What is typic
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Examples▶ Two people disagree on
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2.3 Typical conflict behavioursThe
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conflict transformation skills as i
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AttitudeAttitude means the way an i
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Respect: self‐respect, personal i
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acquired by everyone. If dialogue a
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Sources of powerThere are various s
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. Needs and their classificationsHu
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or any other differentiating charac
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How we are likely to feel when our
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Structural conflict is caused by un
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IV.TOOLS FORANALYSIS
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Context analysis in peace building
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Conflict analysis can be carried ou
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a) good conflict analysis skills,b)
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Decide and agree on the meaning of
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Example - Age limit for CYF members
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3.4 ABC - triangleWhat is it?▶ Th
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When to use it?▶ with a group hav
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3.7 Pyramid - three level triangleW
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▶ Relationship: identify and desc
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1. IntroductionViolence is a phenom
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▶ Worldwide, violence is used as
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Core of use of objects (weapons)Vis
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4. Dimensions of violence - a typol
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▶ Direct violence means an indivi
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using industrialized nations cause
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tual condition compared to what wou
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6. The dynamics of conflicts and vi
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Survival or physical level - The in
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6.1.2 Aggression and…Aggression a
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▶ One can use so‐called ‘invi
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tooth” are common all over the wo
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6.3.1 From unmet needs to crisis -
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Fire begins to burnConfrontation/Op
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6.3.4 F. Glasl’s - nine stages of
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3. LEVEL THREE (LOSE-LOSE)Stage 7:
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to describe emotions or speak about
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eaction and answer concerning the d
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7.3 Violence and genderSEXrefers on
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Gender based violenceGender based v
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7.5 Violence and ideology▶ Nation
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with equal alacrity by people on th
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9. Effects of violenceViolent confl
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VI.NONVIOLENCE
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2. Historical roots2.1 ReligionNonv
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Mahatma Gandhi was born a Hindu, pr
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colonial and post‐colonial eras.
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▶ Generations to come will scarce
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elieve people and not profit are ce
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Methods of nonviolent protestNonvio
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Nonviolent communication skills are
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▶ Mr. A is more concerned about t
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A kind of misery about one’s own
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Demand‘I want you to do it, if yo
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▶ “When I see…” “When I h
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The following list provides some mo
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Feelings are often associated with
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To clearly identify and name our em
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Fun fulfilled by laughing and playi
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RequestThe fourth and last componen
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We help others to trust that we are
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This involves the four areas of non
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3) Connect your thoughts with your
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A verbal wound is as bad as a physi
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4. Translating the others’ blame
Page 235 and 236: VII.FAIR PLAY
Page 237 and 238: 2. Fairness and sportsAlthough fair
Page 239 and 240: ▶ Sports can be used to counter v
Page 241 and 242: Fair Play PointsIf rules are establ
Page 243 and 244: 4. Principles for teaching fair pla
Page 245 and 246: GangingAn irritating situation can
Page 247 and 248: national institutions to send out a
Page 249 and 250: VIII.CONFLICTTRANSFORMATION
Page 251 and 252: flict is either settled forever or
Page 253 and 254: The major aims of dealing construct
Page 255 and 256: 7. Introducing a third party with s
Page 257 and 258: ▶ Do not damage your opponent’s
Page 259 and 260: 2. Conflict strategies -approaches
Page 261 and 262: modate put relationships first, ign
Page 263 and 264: New ideas are created when working
Page 265 and 266: CONFRON TA-TION /COMPETITIONAVOIDAN
Page 267 and 268: parency about feelings and percepti
Page 269 and 270: Answers to the following questions
Page 271 and 272: ▶ Interest‐based negotiation is
Page 273 and 274: “Blessed be the peacemakers for t
Page 275 and 276: They can talk directly (with the me
Page 277 and 278: Strength and weaknessA mediator’s
Page 279 and 280: 5.4 Phases of mediationThe process
Page 281 and 282: Ground rulesExplain the ground rule
Page 283 and 284: Phase 3 Clarify the problem/develop
Page 285: Deliberate on every optional soluti
Page 289 and 290: APPENDIX
Page 291 and 292: 15. United Nations: Charter of the
Page 293 and 294: 6. Lederach, John Paul: Preparing f
Page 295 and 296: 24. Burton, John: Resolving deep ro
Page 297 and 298: 24. Dugan, Máire A.: Aggression. B
Page 299 and 300: Part VI - Nonviolence1. Wink, Walte
Page 301 and 302: 5. Sadako Ogata (High Commissioner
Page 303 and 304: ReferencesAbiew, Francis Kofi & Kea
Page 305 and 306: Foucault, Michael: The History of S
Page 307 and 308: Lederach, John Paul: Preparing for
Page 309 and 310: Schweitzer, Christine (et al): Civi
Page 311 and 312: Gandhi’s principlesLive as if you
Page 313 and 314: “I have a dream” - Martin Luthe
Page 315 and 316: persecution and staggered by the wi
Page 317 and 318: Excerpts from the joint position pa
Page 319 and 320: experts and their local colleagues.
Page 321: Katharina Schilling is a medical nu
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