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43. Patfoort, Pat: Uprooting Violence, Building Nonviolence, 1989; Patfoort, Pat: We can’t change the past,but we can change the future, June–July 2002; Patfoort, Pat: Inner Strength: a Fundamental Weaponagainst Violence, July 200244. In other words this means: African ruling elites mis‐used the system they inherited and mixed itwith materialism, authority and dominance with the aim of keeping and strengthening their powerat all costs. Unjust structures and inequity over a long time continuously worsened the situation andthe life chances of the general population, while at the same time the power of the elites and theiruse of various forms of violence increased. For instance, people perceive inhumane life circumstancesas normal as there is no person or place to protest, nowhere and nobody to be heard (e.g.:only dirty water available if at all, less than minimum wages paid when in employment, inappropriatehealth facilities make masses of people die, school classes with an average number of 100–200pupils). People are manipulated by false promises and they continue for long in their misery. If noprotest changes, in the end violence is seen as the only instrument that might lead to a change.45. Miller, Christopher A.: Only young once – An Introduction to Nonviolent Struggle for Youths, 200646. Owens‐Sabir, Mahasin Cecelia: The Effects of Race and Family Attachment on Self Esteem, Self Control,and Delinquency, 200747. Some feminists say that masculinity and femininity are the way people think about the world. In:Peterson, Spike V. & Sisson Runyan, Anne: Global Gender Issues: Dilemmas in World Politics, 1999p. 5–10; Tickner, Ann: Global Gender in International Relations, 1992 p. 5–948. Foucault, Michael: The History of Sexuality, 1980 p. 97–98; Hofstede, Geert: Lokales Denken, globalesHandeln, Interkulturelle Zusammenarbeit und globales Management, 2001 p. 108–153; Commissionfor Justice and Peace, Archdiocese Bamenda: Peace Education Manual for Secondary Schools, 2011p. 90–9249. Hunter Anne E: On Peace, War and Gender: A challenge to Genetic Explanations, 199150. Titley, Gavan: Youth Work with Boys and Young Men as a means to prevent violence…, 2003 p. 10–36.51. Defense Task Force on Domestic Violence: Initial Report, 200152. Information on Gender based Violence taken from: Cohn, Carol: Sex and Death in the RationalWorld of Defense Intellectuals. Within and Without. Women, Gender and Theory, 1987 p. 687–718;Connell Robert W.: Gender and Power. Society, the Person and Sexual Politics, 1987; Confortini, CatiaC.: Galtung, Violence and Gender: The Case for a Peace Studies / Feminism Alliance, 2006; Francis,Diana: Culture, Power Asymmetries and Gender in Conflict Transformation, 2008; Garcia‐Moreno,C. (et al): WHO multi‐country study on women’s health and domestic violence against women, 2005;Hunter, Anne E.: On Peace, War and Gender: A challenge to Genetic Explanations, 1991; Spike, V. &Peterson, V. & Sisson‐Runyan, Anne: Global Gender Issues: Dilemmas in World Politics, 1999; Tickner,Ann J.: Gender in International Relations, 1992 p. 5–9; WHO: World report on violence and health, 200253. Military personnel have in general a higher prevalence of HIV/AIDS than the non‐military population.54. US Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation: Uniform Crime Reporting Handbook,2004; Kende, Istvan: Kriege nach 1945 (Wars after 1945) 1982; Rummel, R. J.: Democide in totalitarianstates.55. Arendt, Hannah: On Violence, 1969, p. 5256. Bawer, Bruce: The peace racket, 200757. Albert, Michael: Life after capitalism – and now too, 200458. AGEH and EED: Joint position paper: O Lord, make me an instrument of Your peace, 2009 – excerpts59. Dear, John: Our God is a God of Nonviolence: Peacemaking Religion in a war‐making world – excerpts60. Walter Wink, 1992 p. 26296 A P P E N D I X