Culture and Ecology of Chaco Canyon and the San Juan Basin

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Table 6.8. Unusual architectural features found in great houses."FeatureExamplesReference( s)CommentsMasonry piers:Used in special context; do not supportupper story wallsA) ColonnadeChetro KetlFerdon (1955)Great houseBe 51Ferdon (1955)Small house (one ofthe largest of thesmall house sites, see Truell 1986).B) Roof supports (piers)Common in great kivasAztec ruin, rooms 117 and 120Pueblo Bonito, Room 308Gordon Vivian and Reiter(1960:90)Morris (1928:333)Judd (1964:96)Rare as free-standing supports forvigas. Possible time-related, latedevelopment,perhaps due to scarcepine posts of proper size.Buttressing:A) Broad brace along exterior walls Pueblo del Arroyo, south wallKin Kletso, Area 60, south wallCasa Chiquita, south wallKin Bineola, west wallJudd (1959:96)Gordon Vivian and Mathews(1965:44)Buttress-only, one story high, eventhough walls are two or three storieshigh.B) Beams or masonry wallsbetween rectangular walls ofsquare rooms and cylindricalwalls of elevated round roomsPueblo del Arroyo, Kiva CChetro Ketl, Kiva GPueblo BonitoKin KletsoPossibly used as braces for scaffolding(Hewett 1936: 102) or as locations tobond buttresses (Lekson 1984a:35).Neither suggestion is compelling.Filled rooms: Lower floors filled withearth, sand, or trash.Kin KletsoChetro KetlPueblo Bonitoand othersGordon Vivian and Mathews(1965:Figure 15)Lekson (1983b)Reiter (1933:56)Judd (1964)Earth often in interstitial spacesbetween square rooms and elevatedround rooms. Lekson (1984a:35)gives two functional reasons: a)reinforcement of walls, b) insulation.Trash fill may signify change in roomfunction.Use of natural features:Pueblo BonitoKin KletsoUna VidaRoom blocks built over boulders orfragments of cliff; suggests inflexiblelocation or orientation. Talus pueblosutilize cliff walls.
Table 6.8. (cont'd.)FeatureExamplesReference(s)CommentsCasa ChiquitaUna VidaOver large knoll. Possibly height ofroom !block is important.Ramadas and portals:Pueblo Bonito, Room 3Judd (1964:95)Pepper (1920:7)Common in earlier sites. Possiblypresent at great houses.Pueblo Bonito, in front of Room224,93Lekson (1984a:131)BalconiesChetro Ketl, 2nd and 3,d storiesPueblo Bonito, rear wallPueblo del Arroyo, north wallHungo PaviPenasco BlancoLekson (1983b)Hewett (1936:33)Judd (1964:34)Judd (1959:53)Jackson (1878)Holsinger (1901)All on north-facing walls, even atPueblo del Arroyo. Increases usablespace in shadow or shade (Lekson1984a:37). Building platforms forupper stories, yet not at all multistoriedsites.Stairs:A) Into doorwaysAztec RuinPueblo del Arroyo, rooms 41and 52Pueblo BonitoMorris (1928)Judd (1959)Judd (1964)Raised-sill doorways with rudimentarysteps.B) Into staircasesPueblo del Arroyo, Room 44Pueblo Alto, Room 112Judd (1959)Room-wide platformsPueblo BonitoPueblo del ArroyoChetro KetlPueblo AltoPenasco Blanco• Taken from Lekson (1984a:34-38).
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--------Culture and Ecology ofChaco
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3. THE PRECERAMIC PERIOD IN CHACO C
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History of the Chaco Navajo '" . .
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~~~-------3.21. Overview of Sheep C
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10.12. Map 5, locating Historic per
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-- - -- - ---- ~----- - --B.I. Cera
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List of participants in the School
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1971, Robert H. Lister, then at the
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Personnel associated with the Chaco
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For this volume, lowe special thank
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2 Chaco Project Synthesis50. J •
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4 Chaco Project Synthesisand the fe
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6 Chaco Project Synthesispainted Es
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10 Chaco Project SynthesisFigure 1.
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14 Chaco Project SynthesisCompariso
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16 Chaco Project SynthesisDuring ex
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18 Chaco Project Synthesisobsidian
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Chapter TwoThe Environment and Natu
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Environment and Natural Resources 2
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Environment and Natural Resources 2
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~~~--~~~~ --30 Chaco Project Synthe
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32 Chaco Project SynthesisA few yea
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------------------------.34 Chaco P
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36 Chaco Project Synthesismeasureme
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38 Chaco Project SynthesisLybrook,
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40 Chaco Project Synthesis
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44 Chaco Project Synthesisflavescen
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46 Chaco Project Synthesisnel prese
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-------48 Chaco Project SynthesisYI
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50 Chaco Project Synthesiswas proba
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52 Chaco Project Synthesis1981 [sic
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901to925950to9751001to10251050to107
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56 Chaco Project Synthesisamined th
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62 Chaco Project Synthesisto the So
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64 Chaco Project SynthesisTable 3.1
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70 Chaco Project Synthesisshallow c
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72 Chaco Project Synthesis..... ~--
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74 Chaco Project Synthesis./-""\I \
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76 Chaco Project Synthesis.. N20 I-
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78 Chaco Project Synthesisthe first
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----------------80 Chaco Project Sy
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--------86 Chaco Project Synthesis.
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-------------- ._----------88 Chaco
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90 Chaco Project SynthesisThe secon
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92 Chaco Project SynthesisYears B.P
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94 Chaco Project Synthesispression
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----------------------96 Chaco Proj
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--------------------- ~~~~-~~-100 C
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Figure 4.2.Identified Basketmaker I
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ooo00 0o 0 00o 0 0qo000 00 "~""" 0~
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•BftlO€)•••• oI
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Output File Types 115Intensity File
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Basketmaker III to Pueblo I 111stor
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Basketmaker III to Pueblo I 113and
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Basketmaker III to Pueblo I 115peop
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Basketmaker III to Pueblo I 117and
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Basketmaker III to Pueblo I 119Fami
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Basketmaker III to Pueblo I 121by a
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--------Basketmaker III to Pueblo I
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Chapter FiveThe Florescence of the
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The Florescence 131ExcavationsData
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------ -- - -- --The Florescence 13
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FP5ooo1
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Plthou •• C~f 8 0 0-: ~oo:~g(_-
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TRASH MOUNDoIoFigure 5.5. Map of 29
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The Florescence 141on-white, and Ga
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The Florescence 143Other Small Hous
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\ I\ II :: \1 I: I a ..\\\ l .-'';~
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II/ffII,II( /IMOOI:AIIaccOSIl(lAC,"
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IffFI//II/IIjI,//III" 1111001:"'"II
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, ,, fI f, If ,I f/ ,"If MCOCR~I A[
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Great No1lh Road J• StoifS.......
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Page 179 and 180: The Florescence 157Recently Wills (
Page 181 and 182: The Florescence 159Figure 5.19.Earl
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Page 185 and 186: The Florescence 163rough-sort metho
Page 187 and 188: The Florescence 165Ceramics dating
Page 189 and 190: The Florescence 167Figure 5.24.Alta
Page 191 and 192: The Florescence 169Bonito phase str
Page 193 and 194: The Florescence 171Three road-relat
Page 195 and 196: The Florescence 173Figure 5.29.Aeri
Page 197 and 198: The Florescence 175construction cou
Page 199 and 200: Chapter SixThe Classic Adaptation W
Page 201 and 202: The Classic Adaptation 179were abov
Page 203 and 204: The Classic Adaptation 181upland ar
Page 205 and 206: The Classic Adaptation 183Estimated
Page 207 and 208: The Classic Adaptation 185which are
Page 209 and 210: Table 6.5. (cont'd.)Population Esti
Page 211 and 212: Table 6.7. Windes's small-house pop
Page 213 and 214: --_._-- -------The Classic Adaptati
Page 215 and 216: The Classic Adaptation 193sp.); buc
Page 217 and 218: The Classic Adaptation 195e.g., a d
Page 219 and 220: The Classic Adaptation 197block siz
Page 221 and 222: The Classic Adaptation 199and fir b
Page 223 and 224: The Classic Adaptation 201between f
Page 225 and 226: 340 \I,II320 "• I......---5 - Yea
Page 227: The Classic Adaptation 205in and ar
Page 231 and 232: The Classic Adaptation 209gested by
Page 233 and 234: The Classic Adaptation 211Table 6.9
Page 235 and 236: The Classic Adaptation 213.''-...,,
Page 237 and 238: The Classic Adaptation 215chalcedon
Page 239 and 240: Table 6.11. Projected ceramic consu
Page 241 and 242: The Classic Adaptation 219structure
Page 243 and 244: The Classic Adaptation 221Bonito, w
Page 245 and 246: The Classic Adaptation 223number of
Page 247 and 248: Chapter SevenThe Final Years (A.D.
Page 249 and 250: 117'1[ .....II)...0"'1.111"'tlll~'[
Page 251 and 252: ~ ___The Final Years 229RIR2R3__..i
Page 253 and 254: The Final Years 2311964) included c
Page 255 and 256: The Final Years 233, ,o J 2 3METERS
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Page 261 and 262: The Final Years 239most often with
Page 263 and 264: The Final Years 241severe drought f
Page 265 and 266: The Final Years 243ceramic types, b
Page 267 and 268: Chapter EightRelated Communities in
Page 269 and 270: Related Communities 247Calendrical0
Page 271 and 272: • WALL.ACESKUNK SPRINGS IIIIII ST
Page 273 and 274: • ESCALANTE.IDA JEAN• WALLACESK
Page 275 and 276: Related Communities 253(Marshall et
Page 277 and 278: Related Communities 255foodstuffs k
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Related Communities 257and cupule w
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GWeST. ( )~1 PIERRE'S~I ~.~~ ~ .•
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Related Communities 261possibility
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Related Communities 263by the Red M
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Related Communities 265when the div
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268 Chaco Project Synthesismigrated
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270 Chaco Project Synthesiswas not
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272 Chaco Project SynthesisCanyon r
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274 Chaco Project Synthesisgreater
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276 Chaco Project Synthesislayout,
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278 Chaco Project Synthesisleadersh
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-- -~----280 Chaco Project Synthesi
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282 Chaco Project SynthesisDiscussi
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284 Chaco Project Synthesissedentiz
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286 Chaco Project Synthesis• chan
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288 Chaco Project Synthesiswatered
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290 Chaco Project SynthesisEven ear
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292 Chaco Project Synthesis1954:65)
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294 Chaco Project Synthesisp337123
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296 Chaco Project Synthesisnecessar
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Chapter TenHistoric Period StudiesE
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Historic Period Studies 301control
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Historic Period Studies 303Chaco Pr
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Historic Period Studies 305Figure 1
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Historic Period Studies 307Figure 1
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Historic Period Studies 309lived in
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Historic Period Studies 311Warburto
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Figure 10.9.Map 2, locating Histori
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Figure 10.11. Map 4, locating Histo
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Figure 10.13. Map 6, locating Histo
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Figure 10.15. Map 8, which combines
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Historic Period Studies 321(_ 29SJI
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Historic Period Studies 323informat
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Historic Period Studies 325as stove
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Historic Period Studies 327them els
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Historic Period Studies 329the case
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Chapter ElevenThe Chaco Project fro
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A Broader Perspective 333Among arch
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A Broader Perspective 335Assuming t
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Table 11.2. Population thresholds i
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A Broader Perspective 339whom fall
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A Broader Perspective 341Table 11.3
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A Broader Perspective 343that is re
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Appendix AExcavated Sites in Chaco
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Table A.1. (cont'd.)Site Name Site
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Table A.2. (cont'd.)Site Name Site
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Table A.3. Sites excavated or exami
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Table A.3. (cont' d.)Site Name Site
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Table A.4. Sites excavated or exami
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Table AA. (cont'd.)Site Name Site N
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Table A.5. (cont'd.)Site No. Site N
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Table A.S. (cont'd.)5ite No. 5ite N
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Appendix BChronology ChartsThrougho
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Appendix B 365Table B.3. Dominant c
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Table B.4. (cont'd.)Pecos Classific
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Appendix CThe Chaco Synthesis Proje
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Appendix C 371Table C.l. The organi
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Appendix C 373Table C.3. The Chaco
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Appendix C 375Table C.5. Chaco, Mes
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Appendix C 377Table C.7. The capsto
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Appendix C 379Table C.S.In Search o
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382 Chaco Project SynthesisArcheolo
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384 Chaco Project SynthesisBinford,
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386 Chaco Project SynthesisMexico,
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388 Chaco Project SynthesisMonument
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390 Chaco Project SynthesisDoyel, D
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392 Chaco Project SynthesisUniversi
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-~ -- - -- ------394 Chaco Project
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396 Chaco Project SynthesisAmerican
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398 Chaco Project SynthesisMiscella
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400 Chaco Project SynthesisKlausner
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402 Chaco Project SynthesisLoose, R
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404 Chaco Project SynthesisPrice, p
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406 Chaco Project Synthesis1984 The
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408 Chaco Project SynthesisOrtiz, A
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410 Chaco Project SynthesisPsycholo
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412 Chaco Project SynthesisSchoenwe
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414 Chaco Project SynthesisSprague,
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416 Chaco Project Synthesis2000 Mac
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418 Chaco Project Synthesis1970b As
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420 Chaco Project SynthesisWhaley,
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-----------------------422 Chaco Pr
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Indexabandonment, and dispersion, 2
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Index 427bow and arrow, 63, 99Bradf
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Index 429demography: community, mar
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Index 431Hack, J. T., 32Half House,
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Index 433Little Colorado (River) ar
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Index 435population as a system, 33
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Index 437264, and nearest-neighbor
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Index 43929Mc391 structure, 30929SJ
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Culture and Ecology of Chaco Canyon and the San Juan Basin

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