Culture and Ecology of Chaco Canyon and the San Juan Basin

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344 Chaco Project Synthesisscatters to see if there is an earlier Navajo presence, aswell as where the scatters are located? Once populationpacking was reached, horticulture would havebeen the likely option for the Navajo, but with theintroduction oflarge mammals (i.e., cattle, sheep, andhorses) after Spanish settlement in the AmericanSouthwest, there was an opportunity to use this desertscrub land in a new way. Given the options thatBinford presented, the pastoralist adaptation of theNavajo people is an expected subsistence practice.The key is understanding how and when populationpacking is reached, not just in Chaco Canyon, but alsothroughout the San Juan Basin.Using Binford's results in this manner does notcontribute to theory-building, but it would assist parkmanagers and interpreters in further refining theculture history of this area. As an organizationresponsible for a major cultural park and a WorldHeritage Site, the NPS needs the most accurateinformation available for interpretive purposes. Manyopportunities remain to study the Chaco Canyondatabase in ways that benefit both the public and thescientific community.
Appendix AExcavated Sites in Chaco CanyonFive major archaeological expeditions haveexcavated sites in Chaco Canyon. Tables A.I throughA.5 provide information on the sponsors of theinvestigations, the sites excavated (by name and sitenumbers), the excavators, the dates and extent ofexcavation, and references relating to the work. Whena site is listed on more than one table, there is a crossreferenceunder extent of excavations.
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- --- - - --~ -----31D / D-9tcCultu
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--------Culture and Ecology ofChaco
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3. THE PRECERAMIC PERIOD IN CHACO C
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History of the Chaco Navajo '" . .
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~~~-------3.21. Overview of Sheep C
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10.12. Map 5, locating Historic per
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-- - -- - ---- ~----- - --B.I. Cera
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List of participants in the School
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1971, Robert H. Lister, then at the
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Personnel associated with the Chaco
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For this volume, lowe special thank
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2 Chaco Project Synthesis50. J •
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4 Chaco Project Synthesisand the fe
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6 Chaco Project Synthesispainted Es
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10 Chaco Project SynthesisFigure 1.
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14 Chaco Project SynthesisCompariso
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16 Chaco Project SynthesisDuring ex
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18 Chaco Project Synthesisobsidian
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Chapter TwoThe Environment and Natu
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-- --------------------- --------En
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Environment and Natural Resources 2
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Environment and Natural Resources 2
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~~~--~~~~ --30 Chaco Project Synthe
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32 Chaco Project SynthesisA few yea
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------------------------.34 Chaco P
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36 Chaco Project Synthesismeasureme
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38 Chaco Project SynthesisLybrook,
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40 Chaco Project Synthesis
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44 Chaco Project Synthesisflavescen
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46 Chaco Project Synthesisnel prese
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-------48 Chaco Project SynthesisYI
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50 Chaco Project Synthesiswas proba
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52 Chaco Project Synthesis1981 [sic
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901to925950to9751001to10251050to107
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56 Chaco Project Synthesisamined th
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62 Chaco Project Synthesisto the So
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64 Chaco Project SynthesisTable 3.1
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70 Chaco Project Synthesisshallow c
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72 Chaco Project Synthesis..... ~--
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74 Chaco Project Synthesis./-""\I \
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76 Chaco Project Synthesis.. N20 I-
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78 Chaco Project Synthesisthe first
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----------------80 Chaco Project Sy
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---------------------~---- ---- ---
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--------86 Chaco Project Synthesis.
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-------------- ._----------88 Chaco
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90 Chaco Project SynthesisThe secon
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92 Chaco Project SynthesisYears B.P
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94 Chaco Project Synthesispression
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----------------------96 Chaco Proj
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--------------------- ~~~~-~~-100 C
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Figure 4.2.Identified Basketmaker I
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ooo00 0o 0 00o 0 0qo000 00 "~""" 0~
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•BftlO€)•••• oI
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Output File Types 115Intensity File
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Basketmaker III to Pueblo I 111stor
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Basketmaker III to Pueblo I 113and
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Basketmaker III to Pueblo I 115peop
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Basketmaker III to Pueblo I 117and
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Basketmaker III to Pueblo I 119Fami
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Basketmaker III to Pueblo I 121by a
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------- - -----------------Basketma
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--------Basketmaker III to Pueblo I
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Chapter FiveThe Florescence of the
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The Florescence 131ExcavationsData
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------ -- - -- --The Florescence 13
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FP5ooo1
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Plthou •• C~f 8 0 0-: ~oo:~g(_-
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TRASH MOUNDoIoFigure 5.5. Map of 29
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The Florescence 141on-white, and Ga
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The Florescence 143Other Small Hous
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\ I\ II :: \1 I: I a ..\\\ l .-'';~
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II/ffII,II( /IMOOI:AIIaccOSIl(lAC,"
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IffFI//II/IIjI,//III" 1111001:"'"II
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, ,, fI f, If ,I f/ ,"If MCOCR~I A[
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Great No1lh Road J• StoifS.......
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,I MC~t~ij/ ':'.b'_''"'o/!PUEBLO AL
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The Florescence 157Recently Wills (
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The Florescence 159Figure 5.19.Earl
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"I----_\---~~--.-';--_:::::'y',..~f
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The Florescence 163rough-sort metho
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The Florescence 165Ceramics dating
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The Florescence 167Figure 5.24.Alta
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The Florescence 169Bonito phase str
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The Florescence 171Three road-relat
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The Florescence 173Figure 5.29.Aeri
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The Florescence 175construction cou
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Chapter SixThe Classic Adaptation W
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The Classic Adaptation 179were abov
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The Classic Adaptation 181upland ar
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The Classic Adaptation 183Estimated
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The Classic Adaptation 185which are
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Table 6.5. (cont'd.)Population Esti
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Table 6.7. Windes's small-house pop
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--_._-- -------The Classic Adaptati
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The Classic Adaptation 193sp.); buc
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The Classic Adaptation 195e.g., a d
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The Classic Adaptation 197block siz
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The Classic Adaptation 199and fir b
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The Classic Adaptation 201between f
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340 \I,II320 "• I......---5 - Yea
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The Classic Adaptation 205in and ar
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Table 6.8. (cont'd.)FeatureExamples
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The Classic Adaptation 209gested by
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The Classic Adaptation 211Table 6.9
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The Classic Adaptation 213.''-...,,
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The Classic Adaptation 215chalcedon
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Table 6.11. Projected ceramic consu
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The Classic Adaptation 219structure
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The Classic Adaptation 221Bonito, w
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The Classic Adaptation 223number of
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Chapter SevenThe Final Years (A.D.
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117'1[ .....II)...0"'1.111"'tlll~'[
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~ ___The Final Years 229RIR2R3__..i
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The Final Years 2311964) included c
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The Final Years 233, ,o J 2 3METERS
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-- -- - - - - -- - ~- -~-------- -
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_ - ~2 - -1 __ R_4_---J __ R_6_~R3R
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The Final Years 239most often with
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The Final Years 241severe drought f
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The Final Years 243ceramic types, b
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Chapter EightRelated Communities in
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Related Communities 247Calendrical0
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• WALL.ACESKUNK SPRINGS IIIIII ST
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• ESCALANTE.IDA JEAN• WALLACESK
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Related Communities 253(Marshall et
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Related Communities 255foodstuffs k
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Related Communities 257and cupule w
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GWeST. ( )~1 PIERRE'S~I ~.~~ ~ .•
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Related Communities 261possibility
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Related Communities 263by the Red M
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Related Communities 265when the div
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268 Chaco Project Synthesismigrated
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270 Chaco Project Synthesiswas not
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272 Chaco Project SynthesisCanyon r
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274 Chaco Project Synthesisgreater
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276 Chaco Project Synthesislayout,
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278 Chaco Project Synthesisleadersh
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-- -~----280 Chaco Project Synthesi
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282 Chaco Project SynthesisDiscussi
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284 Chaco Project Synthesissedentiz
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286 Chaco Project Synthesis• chan
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288 Chaco Project Synthesiswatered
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290 Chaco Project SynthesisEven ear
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292 Chaco Project Synthesis1954:65)
Page 316 and 317: 294 Chaco Project Synthesisp337123
Page 318 and 319: 296 Chaco Project Synthesisnecessar
Page 321 and 322: Chapter TenHistoric Period StudiesE
Page 323 and 324: Historic Period Studies 301control
Page 325 and 326: Historic Period Studies 303Chaco Pr
Page 327 and 328: Historic Period Studies 305Figure 1
Page 329 and 330: Historic Period Studies 307Figure 1
Page 331 and 332: Historic Period Studies 309lived in
Page 333 and 334: Historic Period Studies 311Warburto
Page 335 and 336: Figure 10.9.Map 2, locating Histori
Page 337 and 338: Figure 10.11. Map 4, locating Histo
Page 339 and 340: Figure 10.13. Map 6, locating Histo
Page 341 and 342: Figure 10.15. Map 8, which combines
Page 343 and 344: Historic Period Studies 321(_ 29SJI
Page 345 and 346: Historic Period Studies 323informat
Page 347 and 348: Historic Period Studies 325as stove
Page 349 and 350: Historic Period Studies 327them els
Page 351 and 352: Historic Period Studies 329the case
Page 353 and 354: Chapter ElevenThe Chaco Project fro
Page 355 and 356: A Broader Perspective 333Among arch
Page 357 and 358: A Broader Perspective 335Assuming t
Page 359 and 360: Table 11.2. Population thresholds i
Page 361 and 362: A Broader Perspective 339whom fall
Page 363 and 364: A Broader Perspective 341Table 11.3
Page 365: A Broader Perspective 343that is re
Page 369 and 370: Table A.1. (cont'd.)Site Name Site
Page 371 and 372: Table A.2. (cont'd.)Site Name Site
Page 373 and 374: Table A.3. Sites excavated or exami
Page 375 and 376: Table A.3. (cont' d.)Site Name Site
Page 377 and 378: Table A.4. Sites excavated or exami
Page 379 and 380: Table AA. (cont'd.)Site Name Site N
Page 381 and 382: Table A.5. (cont'd.)Site No. Site N
Page 383 and 384: Table A.S. (cont'd.)5ite No. 5ite N
Page 385 and 386: Appendix BChronology ChartsThrougho
Page 387 and 388: Appendix B 365Table B.3. Dominant c
Page 389 and 390: Table B.4. (cont'd.)Pecos Classific
Page 391 and 392: Appendix CThe Chaco Synthesis Proje
Page 393 and 394: Appendix C 371Table C.l. The organi
Page 395 and 396: Appendix C 373Table C.3. The Chaco
Page 397 and 398: Appendix C 375Table C.5. Chaco, Mes
Page 399 and 400: Appendix C 377Table C.7. The capsto
Page 401: Appendix C 379Table C.S.In Search o
Page 404 and 405: 382 Chaco Project SynthesisArcheolo
Page 406 and 407: 384 Chaco Project SynthesisBinford,
Page 408 and 409: 386 Chaco Project SynthesisMexico,
Page 410 and 411: 388 Chaco Project SynthesisMonument
Page 412 and 413: 390 Chaco Project SynthesisDoyel, D
Page 414 and 415: 392 Chaco Project SynthesisUniversi
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-~ -- - -- ------394 Chaco Project
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396 Chaco Project SynthesisAmerican
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398 Chaco Project SynthesisMiscella
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400 Chaco Project SynthesisKlausner
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402 Chaco Project SynthesisLoose, R
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404 Chaco Project SynthesisPrice, p
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406 Chaco Project Synthesis1984 The
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408 Chaco Project SynthesisOrtiz, A
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410 Chaco Project SynthesisPsycholo
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412 Chaco Project SynthesisSchoenwe
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414 Chaco Project SynthesisSprague,
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416 Chaco Project Synthesis2000 Mac
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418 Chaco Project Synthesis1970b As
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420 Chaco Project SynthesisWhaley,
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-----------------------422 Chaco Pr
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Indexabandonment, and dispersion, 2
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Index 427bow and arrow, 63, 99Bradf
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Index 429demography: community, mar
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Index 431Hack, J. T., 32Half House,
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Index 433Little Colorado (River) ar
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Index 435population as a system, 33
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Index 437264, and nearest-neighbor
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Index 43929Mc391 structure, 30929SJ
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