Culture and Ecology of Chaco Canyon and the San Juan Basin

3. THE PRECERAMIC PERIOD IN CHACO CANYON ....................... 61Models for the Preceramic Adaptation .................................. 61Chaco Project Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 63Survey Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 64Excavations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 69Comparative Data ............................................... 88The Chaco Canyon Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 88The San Juan Basin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 90Contributions of Chaco Project Preceramic Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 94Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 954. THE FOUNDATIONS OF CHACOAN SOCIETY: BASKETMAKER III TO PUEBLO I. 97Chaco Project Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 99Survey Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 99Excavations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 101Comparative Analyses ........................................... 106Architectural Studies ....................................... 106Evidence for Chacoan Lifestyles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 113Contributions of the Chaco Project ................................... 118Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1195. THE FLORESCENCE OF THE CHACO PEOPLE: THE CLASSIC PERIOD(PUEBLO II TO EARLY PUEBLO III) ............................... , 127Survey Results ................................................ 128Excavations .................................................. 13129SJ1360 .............................................. 13129SJ627 ............................................... 13429SJ629 (Spadefoot Toad Site) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 13829SJ633 ............................................... 141Other Small House Excavations ................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 14329S1389 (Pueblo Alto) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 143Studies at Other Related Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 157Other Great Houses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 157Shrines, Signaling Stations, and a Communications System .............. 165Stone Circles .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 169Roads and Road-related Features ............................... 169Irrigation Systems and Agricultural Fields ......................... 171Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1746. THE CLASSIC ADAPTATION WITHIN CHACO CANYON ................. 177Environmental Parameters Affecting Agriculture .......................... 177Land Available and Used for Agriculture ........................ " 180Estimated Population Supported by Available Agricultural Land ........... 183iv