Culture and Ecology of Chaco Canyon and the San Juan Basin

A Broader Perspective 341Table 11.3. Comparison of differences among Eastern and Western Pueblo groups.aTraitWestern Pueblos (Hopi, Zuni,Acoma, and Laguna)Blurred (Eastern Keres)Eastern Pueblos (Rio GrandePueblos)LinealityMatrilinealPatrilinealOrganizationExogamous clans. Affect personaland public life through naming,marriage, land ownership, use ofsprings and reservoirs, eagle eeriesand feathers, houses, kivas, andwork parties. They maintain theceremonial system.Clans important. Mixedsystem.Moiety system representsduality and directionality;e.g., east-west, and northsouth.A woman joins herhusband's moiety at marriage.Medicine societiesWeakStrongWeakIntegrative structuresSmall kivas function as men'shouses; ceremonies performedinside. Kivas vary from 2 to 13per village. From 10.6 to 17.5families per kiva at Hopi and 31.8at Zuni.No small structures.Two large structures.Large kivas used specificallyfor moiety functions.Social organizationClanMoietyDry farmIrrigationSmall integrative structureLarge integrative structureLower subsistence diversityHigher subsistence diversityLarger primary access group - clanSmaller primary access group- individual household.Less intensificationGreater intensificationSubsistence strategiesDiverseLess diverse, more intenseMore current demands on adultlabor; need larger labor pool.Clan-basedIndividual householdSmaller integrative structures;mens' houses; general-purposestructures.Large integrative structuresfor ceremonial purposes only.Combine moieties, dancegroups, and cross-cuttingsecret societies. Other typesof structures used for socialhouses, rehearsal halls, etc.More stableLess stable• Taken from Johnson (1997).