STATISTICS

TongaRegion Oceania-PolynesiaCurrency Pa'anga (TOP)Surface area (square kilometres) 747Population in 2012 (estimated, 000) 105Population density in 2012 (per square kilometre) 140.5Capital city and population in 2011 (000) Nuku'alofa (25)United Nations membership date 14 September 1999Economic indicators 2005 2010 2012GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$) 264 374 465GDP: Growth rate at constant 2005 prices (annual %) 1.6 3.3 0.9GDP per capita (current US$) 2 612.9 3 589.5 4 429.4GNI: Gross national income per capita (current US$) 2 615.6 3 623.8 4 524.3Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.9 29.6 33.1Exchange rates (national currency per US$) a 2.06 1.81 1.74Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –21 –79 –95CPI: Consumer price index (2000=100) b 160 210 225Agricultural production index (2004-2006=100) 99 104 102Food production index (2004-2006=100) 99 104 102Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 53.3 53.6 53.5Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 75.2 75.2 74.8Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) c 42 47 49Mobile-cellular subscriptions (per 100 inhabitants) d 29.6 52.2 53.4Individuals using the Internet (%) d 4.9 16.0 34.9Total trade Major trading partners 2012(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)Exports 15.6 New Zealand 26.3 New Zealand 30.0Imports 199.2 United States 13.5 Singapore 22.9Balance –183.6 Japan 12.8 United States 13.0Social indicatorsPopulation growth rate (average annual %) 2010-2015 0.4Urban population growth rate (average annual %) 2010-2015 0.8Rural population growth rate (average annual %) 2010-2015 0.3Urban population (%) 2013 23.6Population aged 0-14 years (%) 2013 37.2Population aged 60+ years (females and males, % of total) 2013 9.2/6.8Sex ratio (males per 100 females) 2013 100.5Life expectancy at birth (females and males, years) 2010-2015 75.6/69.7Infant mortality rate (per 1 000 live births) 2010-2015 20.5Fertility rate, total (live births per woman) 2010-2015 3.8International migrant stock (000 and % of total population) mid-2013 5.4/5.2Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR mid-2013 3Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP) 2006-2012 3.9 eEducation: Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (f/m per 100) 2006-2012 101.3/99.6Education: Female third-level students (% of total) 2006-2012 60.5 fIntentional homicides (females and males, per 100 000) 2008-2010 0.7/1.6Seats held by women in national parliaments (%) 2014 3.6Environmental indicatorsThreatened species 2013 74Forested area (% of land area) 2011 12.5CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 2010 158/1.5Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 2010 492.0 ga Official rate. b Excludes rent. c Air arrivals. d ITU estimate. e 2004. f 2003. g UNSD estimate.198 World Statistics Pocketbook