STATISTICS

EritreaRegion Eastern AfricaCurrency Nakfa (ERN)Surface area (square kilometres) 117 600Population in 2012 (estimated, 000) 6 131Population density in 2012 (per square kilometre) 52.1Capital city and population in 2011 (000) Asmara (712)United Nations membership date 28 May 1993Economic indicators 2005 2010 2012GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$) 1 098 2 117 3 108GDP: Growth rate at constant 2005 prices (annual %) 2.6 2.2 7.5GDP per capita (current US$) 226.3 368.8 506.9GNI: Gross national income per capita (current US$) 224.4 365.3 502.2Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.3 9.3 9.5Exchange rates (national currency per US$) a 15.38 15.38 15.38Agricultural production index (2004-2006=100) 106 106 111Food production index (2004-2006=100) 106 106 111Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 78.1 79.6 79.9Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 89.4 89.7 89.8Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) bc 83 84 107 dMobile-cellular subscriptions (per 100 inhabitants) 0.9 3.5 5.5Individuals using the Internet (%) e 0.4 f 0.6 0.8Social indicatorsPopulation growth rate (average annual %) 2010-2015 3.2Urban population growth rate (average annual %) 2010-2015 5.0Rural population growth rate (average annual %) 2010-2015 2.3Urban population (%) 2013 22.2Population aged 0-14 years (%) 2013 43.2Population aged 60+ years (females and males, % of total) 2013 4.4/3.1Sex ratio (males per 100 females) 2013 99.6Life expectancy at birth (females and males, years) 2010-2015 64.9/60.2Infant mortality rate (per 1 000 live births) 2010-2015 41.8Fertility rate, total (live births per woman) 2010-2015 4.7Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 2006-2012 8.0 gInternational migrant stock (000 and % of total population) h mid-2013 15.8/0.3Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR mid-2013 3 533Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP) 2006-2012 2.1Education: Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (f/m per 100) 2006-2012 32.2/39.1Education: Female third-level students (% of total) 2006-2012 27.4Intentional homicides (females and males, per 100 000) h 2008-2010 6.2/29.8Seats held by women in national parliaments (%) 2014 22.0Environmental indicatorsThreatened species 2013 113Forested area (% of land area) 2011 15.1CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 2010 513/0.1Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 2010 30.0Precipitation in the capital city, total mean (millimetres) 533Temperature in the capital city, mean °C (minimum and maximum) 8.9/23.2a Official rate. b Arrivals of non-resident visitors at national borders. c Includes nationals residing abroad.d 2011. e ITU estimate. f 2007. g 2002. h Estimates.66 World Statistics Pocketbook