THE BREAKDOWN OF CELL WALL COMPONENTS 187 Bacay-Roldan, M. <strong>and</strong> Serrano, E.P. 2005. Etiology <strong>and</strong> bases <strong>of</strong> tissue hardening in heat-treated papaya (Carica papaya L.) fruits. Philipp. Agriculturist, 88: 157–166. Bai, J.H., Baldwin, E.A., Fortuny, R.C.S., Mattheis, J.P., Stanley, R., Perera, C., <strong>and</strong> Brecht, J.K. 2004. Effect <strong>of</strong> pretreatment <strong>of</strong> intact “Gala” apple with ethanol vapor, heat, or 1-methylcyclopropene on quality <strong>and</strong> shelf life <strong>of</strong> fresh-cut slices. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci., 29: 583–593. Banjongsinsiri, P., Kenney, S., <strong>and</strong> Wicker, L. 2004. Texture <strong>and</strong> distribution <strong>of</strong> pectic substances <strong>of</strong> mango as affected by infusion <strong>of</strong> pectinmethylesterase <strong>and</strong> calcium. J. Sci. Food Agric., 84: 1493–1499. Barka, E.A., Kalantari, S., Makhlouf, J., <strong>and</strong> Arul, J. 2000. Impact <strong>of</strong> UV-C irradiation on the cell wall-degrading enzymes during ripening <strong>of</strong> tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) fruit. J. Agric. Food Chem., 48: 667–671. Barnavon, L., Doco, T., Terrier, N., Ageorges, A., Romieu, C., <strong>and</strong> Pellerin, P. 2001. Involvement <strong>of</strong> pectin methyl esterase during the ripening <strong>of</strong> grape berries: partial cDNA isolation, transcript expression <strong>and</strong> changes in the degree <strong>of</strong> methyl-esterification <strong>of</strong> cell wall pectins. Phytochemistry, 58: 693–701. Batisse, C., Buret, M., Coulomb, P.J., <strong>and</strong> Coulomb, C. 1996. Ultrastructure <strong>of</strong> the cell walls <strong>of</strong> bigarreau burlat cherries <strong>of</strong> different textures during ripening. Can. J. Bot., 74: 1974–1981. Bewley, J.D., Banik, M., Bourgault, R., Feurtado, J.A., Toorop, P., <strong>and</strong> Hilhorst, H.W.M. 2000. Endo-betamannanase activity increases in the skin <strong>and</strong> outer pericarp <strong>of</strong> tomato fruits during ripening. J. Exp. Bot., 51: 529–538. Biggs, M.S. <strong>and</strong> H<strong>and</strong>a, A.K. 1989. Temporal regulation <strong>of</strong> polygalacturonase gene expression in fruits from normal mutant <strong>and</strong> heterozygous tomato genotypes. Plant Physiol., 89: 117–125. Bird, C.R., Smith, C.J.S., Ray, J.A., Moureau, P., Bevan, M.W., Bird, A.S., Hughes, S., Morris, P.C., Grierson, D., <strong>and</strong> Schuch, W. 1988. The tomato polygalacturonase gene <strong>and</strong> ripening specific expression in transgenic plants. Plant Mol. Biol., 11: 651–662. Bonghi, C., Ferrarese, L., Ruperti, B., Tonutti, P., <strong>and</strong> Ramina, A. 1998. Endo-beta-1,4-glucanases are involved in peach fruit growth <strong>and</strong> ripening, <strong>and</strong> regulated by ethylene. Physiol. Plant., 102: 346–352. Botondi, R., DeSantis, D., Bellincontro, A., Vizovitis, K., <strong>and</strong> Mencarelli, F. 2003. Influence <strong>of</strong> ethylene inhibition by 1-methylcyclopropene on apricot quality, volatile production, <strong>and</strong> glycosidase activity <strong>of</strong> low- <strong>and</strong> higharoma varieties <strong>of</strong> apricots. J. Agric. Food Chem., 51: 1189–1200. Brummell, D.A. 2006. Cell wall disassembly in ripening fruit. Funct. Plant Biol., 33: 103–119. Brummell, D.A., Dal-Cin, V., Crisoto, C.H., <strong>and</strong> Labavitch, J.M. 2004a. Cell wall metabolism during maturation, ripening <strong>and</strong> senescence <strong>of</strong> peach fruit. J. Exp. Bot., 55: 2029–2039. Brummell, D.A., Dal-Cin, V., Crisoto, C.H., <strong>and</strong> Labavitch, J.M. 2004b. Cell wall metabolism during the development <strong>of</strong> chilling injury in cold stored peach fruit: association <strong>of</strong> mealiness with arrested disassembly <strong>of</strong> cell wall pectins. J. Exp. Bot., 55: 2041–2052. Brummell, D.A. <strong>and</strong> Harpster, M.H. 2001. Cell wall metabolism in fruit s<strong>of</strong>tening <strong>and</strong> quality <strong>and</strong> its manipulation in transgenic plants. Plant Mol. Biol., 47: 311–340. Brummell, D.A., Harpster, M.H., Civello, P. M., Bennett, A.B., <strong>and</strong> Dunsmuir, P. 1999. Modification <strong>of</strong> expansin protein abundance in tomato fruit alters s<strong>of</strong>tening <strong>and</strong> cell wall polymer metabolism during ripening. Plant Cell, 11: 2203–2216. Brummell, D.A. <strong>and</strong> Labavitch, J.M. 1997. Effect <strong>of</strong> antisense suppression <strong>of</strong> endopolygalacturonase activity on polyuronide molecular weight in ripening tomato fruit <strong>and</strong> in fruit homogenates. Plant Physiol., 115: 717– 725. Carey, A.T., Holt, K.S., Wilde, P.R., Tucker, G.A., Bird, C.R., Schuch, W., <strong>and</strong> Seymour, G.B. 1995. Tomato Exo-(1->4)-[beta]-D-galactanase (isolation, changes during ripening in normal <strong>and</strong> mutant tomato fruit, <strong>and</strong> characterization <strong>of</strong> a related cDNA Clone). Plant Physiol., 108: 1099–1107. Carey, A.T., Smith, D.L., Harrison, E., Bird, C. R., Gross, K.C., Seymour, G. B., <strong>and</strong> Tucker, G.A. 2001. Downregulation <strong>of</strong> a ripening-related beta-galactosidase gene (TBG1) in transgenic tomato fruits. J. Exp. Bot., 52: 663–668. Carpita, N.C. <strong>and</strong> Gibeaut, D.M. 1993. Structural models <strong>of</strong> primary cell walls in flowering plants: consistency <strong>of</strong> molecular structure with the physical properties <strong>of</strong> the walls during growth. Plant J., 3: 1–30. Carpita, N.C. <strong>and</strong> McCann, M.C. 2000. The cell wall. In: Biochemistry <strong>and</strong> Molecular <strong>Biology</strong> <strong>of</strong> Plants (eds, B.B. Buchanan, W. Gruissem, <strong>and</strong> R.L. Jones), American Society <strong>of</strong> Plant Physiologists, Rockville, pp. 52–108. Carrington, C.M.S., Vendrell, M., <strong>and</strong> Dominguez-Puigjaner, E. 2002. Characterisation <strong>of</strong> an endo-(1,4)-betamannanase (LeMAN4) expressed in ripening tomato fruit. Plant Sci., 163: 599–606. Chien, P.J., Sheu, F., <strong>and</strong> Lin, H.R. 2007. Coating citrus (Murcott tangor) fruit with low molecular weight chitosan increases postharvest quality <strong>and</strong> shelf life. Food Chem., 100: 1160–1164. Chun, J.P. <strong>and</strong> Huber, D.J. 1998. Polygalacturonase-mediated solubilization <strong>and</strong> depolymerization <strong>of</strong> pectic polymers in tomato fruit cell walls—regulation by pH <strong>and</strong> ionic conditions. Plant Physiol., 117: 1293–1299.
188 POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY & TECHNOLOGY OF FRUITS, VEGETABLES, & FLOWERS Chun, J.P. <strong>and</strong> Huber, D.J. 2000. Firmness, ultrastructure, <strong>and</strong> polygalacturonase activity in tomato fruit expressing an antisense gene for the β-subunit protein. J Plant Physiol. 121: 1273–1279. Chun, J.P., Tamura, F., Tanabe, K., Itai, A., <strong>and</strong> Tabuchi, T. 2003. Cell wall degradation <strong>and</strong> structural changes <strong>of</strong> GA-induced watercored tissues in Japanese pear “Akibae” <strong>and</strong> “Housui.” J. Jpn. Soc. Hort. Sci., 72: 488–496. Chung, T.T., West, G., <strong>and</strong> Tucker, G.A. 2006. Effect <strong>of</strong> wounding on cell wall hydrolase activity in tomato fruit. <strong>Postharvest</strong> Biol. Technol., 40: 250–255. Cosgrove, D.J. 1999. Enzymes <strong>and</strong> other agents that enhance cell wall extensibility. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol., 50: 391–417. Cosgrove, D.J. 2000. New genes <strong>and</strong> new biological roles for expansins. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol., 3: 73–78. Cosgrove, D.J. 2005. Growth <strong>of</strong> the plant cell wall. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell. Biol., 6: 850–861. DellaPenna, D., Alex<strong>and</strong>er, D.C., <strong>and</strong> Bennett, A.B. 1986. Molecular cloning <strong>of</strong> tomato fruit polygalacturonase: analysis <strong>of</strong> polygalacturonase mRNA levels during ripening. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 83: 6420–6424. D’Innocenzo, M. <strong>and</strong> Lajolo, F.M. 2001. Effect <strong>of</strong> gamma irradiation on s<strong>of</strong>tening changes <strong>and</strong> enzyme activities during ripening <strong>of</strong> papaya fruit. J. Food Biochem., 25: 425–438. Denes, J.M., Baron, A., Renard, C.M.G.C., Pean, C., <strong>and</strong> Drilleau, J.F. 2000. Different action patterns for apple pectin methylesterase at pH 7.0 <strong>and</strong> 4.5. Carbohydr. Res., 327: 385–393. Deng, Y., Wu, Y., <strong>and</strong> Li, Y. 2005. Changes in firmness, cell wall composition <strong>and</strong> cell wall hydrolases <strong>of</strong> grapes stored in high oxygen atmospheres. Food Res. Int., 38: 769–776. de Silva, J. <strong>and</strong> Verhoeyen, M.E. 1998. Production <strong>and</strong> characterization <strong>of</strong> antisense-exogalactanase tomatoes. In: Report <strong>of</strong> the Demonstration Programme on Food Safety Evaluation <strong>of</strong> Genetically Modifie Foods as a Basis for Market Introduction (ed., H.A. Kuiper), the Netherl<strong>and</strong>s Ministry <strong>of</strong> Economic Affairs, the Hague, pp. 99–106. Devlin, W.S. <strong>and</strong> Gustine, D.L. 1992. Involvement <strong>of</strong> the oxidative burst in phytoalexin accumulation <strong>and</strong> the hypersensitive reaction. Plant Physiol., 100: 1189–1195. Diazsobac, R., Delacruz, J., Luna, A.V., Beristain, C.I., <strong>and</strong> Garcia, H.S. 1997. Evaluation <strong>of</strong> s<strong>of</strong>tening <strong>and</strong> associated enzyme activities during the ripening <strong>of</strong> coated manila mangoes. J. Hort. Sci., 72: 749–753. du Chatenet, C., Latche, A., Olmos, E., Ranty, B., Charpenteau, M., Ranjeva, R., Pech, J.C., <strong>and</strong> Graziana, A. 2000. Spatial-resolved analysis <strong>of</strong> histological <strong>and</strong> biochemical alterations induced by water-soaking in melon fruit. Physiol. Plant., 110: 248–255. Dumville, J.C. <strong>and</strong> Fry, S.C. 2003. Solubilisation <strong>of</strong> tomato fruit pectins by ascorbate: a possible non-enzymic mechanisms <strong>of</strong> fruit s<strong>of</strong>tening. Planta, 217: 951–961. Ebbelaar, M.E.M., Tucker, G.A., Laats, M.M., V<strong>and</strong>ijk, C., Stollesmits, T., <strong>and</strong> Recourt, K. 1996. Characterization <strong>of</strong> pectinases <strong>and</strong> pectin methylesterase cDNAs in pods <strong>of</strong> green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L). Plant Mol. Biol., 31: 1141–1151. Elassi, N., Huber, D.J., <strong>and</strong> Brecht, J.K. 1997. Irradiation-induced changes in tomato fruit <strong>and</strong> pericarp firmness, electrolyte efflux, <strong>and</strong> cell wall enzyme activity as influenced by ripening stage. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci., 122: 100–106. Elghaouth, A., Arul, J., Wilson, C., <strong>and</strong> Benhamou, N. 1997. Biochemical <strong>and</strong> cytochemical aspects <strong>of</strong> the interactions <strong>of</strong> chitosan <strong>and</strong> botrytis cinerea in bell pepper fruit. <strong>Postharvest</strong> Biol. Technol., 12: 183–194. Eriksson, E.M., Bovy, A., Manning, K., Harrison, L., Andrews, J., de Silva, J., Tucker, G.A., <strong>and</strong> Seymour, G.B. 2004. Effect <strong>of</strong> the colorless non-ripening mutation on cell wall biochemistry <strong>and</strong> gene expression during tomato fruit development <strong>and</strong> ripening. Plant Physiol., 136: 4184–4197. Errington, N., Tucker, G.A., <strong>and</strong> Mitchell, J.R. 1998. Effect <strong>of</strong> genetic down-regulation <strong>of</strong> PG <strong>and</strong> pectin esterase activity on rheology <strong>and</strong> composition <strong>of</strong> tomato juice. J. Sci. Food Agric., 76: 515–519. Femenia, A., Garcia-Marin, M., Simal, S., Rossello, C., <strong>and</strong> Blasco, M. 2001. Effects <strong>of</strong> supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) oil extraction on the cell wall composition <strong>of</strong> almond fruits. J. Agric. Food Chem., 49: 5828–5834. Fishman, M.L., Gross, K.C., Gillespie, D.T., <strong>and</strong> Sondey, S.M. 1989. Macromolecular components <strong>of</strong> tomato fruit pectin. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 274: 179–191. Fonseca, J.M. <strong>and</strong> Rushing, J.W. 2006. Effect <strong>of</strong> ultraviolet-C light on quality <strong>and</strong> microbial population <strong>of</strong> fresh-cut watermelon. <strong>Postharvest</strong> Biol. Technol., 40: 256–261. Fry, S.C., Dumville, J.C., <strong>and</strong> Miller, J.G. 2001. Fingerprinting <strong>of</strong> polysaccharides attacked by hydroxyl radicals in vitro <strong>and</strong> in the cell walls <strong>of</strong> ripening pear fruit. Biochem. J., 357: 729–737. Fry, S.C., Miller, J.G., <strong>and</strong> Dumville, J.C. 2002. A proposed role for copper ions in cell wall loosening. Plant Soil, 247: 57–67. Gaffe, J., Tieman, D.M., <strong>and</strong> H<strong>and</strong>a, A.K. 1994. Pectin methylesterase is<strong>of</strong>orms in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) tissues: effects <strong>of</strong> expression <strong>of</strong> a pectin methylesterase antisense gene. Plant Physiol., 105: 199–203.
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vi CONTENTS 9 Structural Deteriorat
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Contributors Ishan Adyanthaya Depar
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x CONTRIBUTORS Gopinadhan Paliyath
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POLYAMINES AND REGULATION OF RIPENI
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POLYAMINES AND REGULATION OF RIPENI
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POLYAMINES AND REGULATION OF RIPENI
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POLYAMINES AND REGULATION OF RIPENI
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POLYAMINES AND REGULATION OF RIPENI
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POLYAMINES AND REGULATION OF RIPENI
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POLYAMINES AND REGULATION OF RIPENI
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POLYAMINES AND REGULATION OF RIPENI
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POLYAMINES AND REGULATION OF RIPENI
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POLYAMINES AND REGULATION OF RIPENI
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Chapter 16 Postharvest Enhancement
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POSTHARVEST ENHANCEMENT OF PHENOLIC
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POSTHARVEST ENHANCEMENT OF PHENOLIC
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POSTHARVEST ENHANCEMENT OF PHENOLIC
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POSTHARVEST ENHANCEMENT OF PHENOLIC
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POSTHARVEST ENHANCEMENT OF PHENOLIC
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POSTHARVEST ENHANCEMENT OF PHENOLIC
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POSTHARVEST ENHANCEMENT OF PHENOLIC
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POSTHARVEST ENHANCEMENT OF PHENOLIC
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POSTHARVEST ENHANCEMENT OF PHENOLIC
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RHIZOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS 361 the
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RHIZOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS 363 Rese
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RHIZOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS 365 Tabl
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RHIZOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS 367 Toma
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RHIZOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS 369 Such
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RHIZOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS 371 Gian
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Chapter 18 Biotechnological Approac
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 375 tec
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 377 pro
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 379 suc
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 381 Fla
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 383 adm
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 385 wer
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 387 Bar
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 389 Kik
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 391 Tat
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 419 20
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 421 Ta
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 423 Ta
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 425 Li
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 427 So
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 429 Pr
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 431 e
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 433 el
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 435 st
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Cl O O O OH Cl O OH Cl Cl Cl 2,4-Di
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 439 O
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 441 Le
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Chapter 21 Changes in Nutritional Q
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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Index Abscisic acid (ABA), 65, 210,
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INDEX 469 Biosensor-based technolog
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INDEX 471 Cryptochlorogenic acid (4
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INDEX 473 French bean, 95 Fresh-cut
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INDEX 475 LePLDα3 (AY013253), 213-
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INDEX 477 Pectin methylesterase (PM
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INDEX 479 PSY1 expression, 289 PSY1
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INDEX 481 Sugars, biosynthesis of,