BIOCHEMISTRY OF FLOWER SENESCENCE 79 Gottwald, J.R., Krysan, P.J., Young, J.C., Evert, R.F., <strong>and</strong> Sussman, M.R. 2000. Genetic evidence for the in planta role <strong>of</strong> phloem-specific plasma membrane sucrose transporters. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 97: 13979–13984. Gray, J., Picton, S., Shabbeer, J., Schuch, W., <strong>and</strong> Grierson, D. 1992. Molecular biology <strong>of</strong> fruit ripening <strong>and</strong> its manipulation with antisense genes. Plant Mol. Biol., 19: 69–87. Grbic, V. <strong>and</strong> Bleecker, A.B. 1995. Ethylene regulates the timing <strong>of</strong> leaf senescence in Arabidopsis. Plant J., 8: 595–602. Gubrium, E.K., Clevenger, D.J., Clark, D.G., Barret, J.E., <strong>and</strong> Neil, T.A. 2000. Reproduction <strong>and</strong> horticultural performance <strong>of</strong> transgenic ethylene insensitive Petunias. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci., 125: 277–281. Guerrero, C., de la Calle, M., Reid, M.S., <strong>and</strong> Valpuesta, V. 1998. Analysis <strong>of</strong> the expression <strong>of</strong> two thiolprotease genes from daylily (Hemerocallis spp.) during flower senescence. Plant Mol. Biol., 36: 565–571. Guiamet, J.J., Pichersky, E., <strong>and</strong> Nooden, L.D. 1999. Mass exodus from senescing soybean chloroplasts. Plant Cell Physiol., 40: 986–992. Hall, A.E., Chen, Q.G., Findell, J.L., Schaller, G.E., <strong>and</strong> Bleecker, A.B. 1999. The relationship between ethylene binding <strong>and</strong> dominant insensitivity conferred by mutant forms <strong>of</strong> the ETR1 ethylene receptor. Plant Physiol., 121: 291–299. Hamilton, A.J., Bouzayen, M., <strong>and</strong> Grierson, D. 1991. Identification <strong>of</strong> a tomato gene for the ethylene-forming enzyme by expression in yeast. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 88: 7434–7437. Hanfrey, C., Fife, M., <strong>and</strong> Buchanan-Wollaston, V. 1996. Leaf senescence in Brassica napus: expression <strong>of</strong> genes encoding pathogenesis-related proteins. Plant Mol. Biol., 30: 597–609. He, Y., Tang, W., Swain, J.D., Green, A.L., Jack, T.P., <strong>and</strong> Gan, S. 2001. Networking senescence-regulating pathways by using Arabidopsis enhancer trap lines. Plant Physiol., 126: 707–716. Hoeberichts, F.A., de Jong, A.J., <strong>and</strong> Woltering, E.J. 2005. Apoptotic-like cell death marks the early stages <strong>of</strong> gypsophila (Gypsophila paniculata) petal senescence. <strong>Postharvest</strong> Biol. Technol., 35: 229–236. Hong, Y., Wang, T.W., Hudak, K.A., Schade, F., Froese, C.D., <strong>and</strong> Thompson, J.E. 2000. An ethylene-induced cDNA encoding a lipase expressed at the onset <strong>of</strong> senescence. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 97: 8717–8722. Hua, J., Chang, C., Sun, Q., <strong>and</strong> Meyerowitz, E.M. 1995. Ethylene insensitivity conferred by Arabidopsis ERS gene. Science, 269: 1712–1714. Hunter, D.A., Steele, B.C., <strong>and</strong> Reid, M.S. 2002. Identification <strong>of</strong> genes associated with perianth senescence in daffodil (Narcissus pseudonarcissus L.). Plant Sci., 163: 13–21. Iordachescu, M. <strong>and</strong> Verlinden, S. 2005. Transcriptional regulation <strong>of</strong> three EIN3-like genes <strong>of</strong> carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L. cv. improved White Sim) during flower development <strong>and</strong> upon wounding, pollination, <strong>and</strong> ethylene exposure. J. Exp. Bot., 56: 2011–2018. John, I., Drake, R., Farrell, A., Cooper, W., Lee, P., Horton, P., <strong>and</strong> Grierson, D. (1995). Delayed leaf senescence in ethylene deficient ACC-oxidase antisense tomato plants: molecular <strong>and</strong> physiological analysis. Plant J., 7: 483–490. John, I., Hackett, R., Cooper, W., Drake, R., Farrell, A., <strong>and</strong> Grierson, D. 1997. Cloning <strong>and</strong> characterization <strong>of</strong> tomato leaf senescence-related cDNAs. Plant Mol. Biol., 33: 641–651. Jones, M.L., Chaffin, G.S., Eason, J.R., <strong>and</strong> Clark, D.G. 2005. Ethylene-sensitivity regulates proteolytic activity <strong>and</strong> cysteine protease gene expression in petunia corollas. J. Exp. Bot., 56: 2733–2744. Jones, M.L., Larsen, P.B., <strong>and</strong> Woodson, W.R. 1995. Ethylene-regulated expression <strong>of</strong> a carnation cysteine proteinase during flower petal senescence. Plant Mol. Biol., 28: 505–512. Jones, M.L. <strong>and</strong> Woodson, W.R. 1999. Differential expression <strong>of</strong> three members <strong>of</strong> the l-aminocyclopropane-1- carboxylate synthase gene family in carnation. Plant Physiol., 119: 755–764. Jordi, W., Schapendonk, A., Davelaar, E., Stoopen, G.M., Pot, C.S., De Visser, R., Van Rhijn, J.A., Gan, S., <strong>and</strong> Amasino, R.M. 2000. Increased cytokinin levels in transgenic P-SAG12-IPT tobacco plants have large direct <strong>and</strong> indirect effects on leaf senescence, photosynthesis <strong>and</strong> N partitioning. Plant Cell Environ., 23: 279–289. Jordi, W., Stoppen, G.M., Argiroudi, I., In’t-Velt, E., Heinen, P., <strong>and</strong> Van Toll, H. 1996. Accumulation <strong>of</strong> a 50-kDA protein during leaf senescence <strong>of</strong> Alstroemeria cut flowering stems. Physiol. Plant, 98: 819–823. Joyce, D.C., Meara, S.A., Hetherington, S.E., <strong>and</strong> Jones, P. 2000. Effects <strong>of</strong> cold storage on cut Grevillea “Sylvia” inflorescences. <strong>Postharvest</strong> Biol. Technol., 18: 49–56. Kamerbeek, G.A. <strong>and</strong> De Munk, W.J. 1976. A review <strong>of</strong> ethylene effects in bulbous plants. Sci Hort., 4: 101–115. Kebenei, Z., Sisler, E.C., Winkelmann, T., <strong>and</strong> Serek, M. 2003. Efficacy <strong>of</strong> new inhibitors <strong>of</strong> ethylene perception in improvement <strong>of</strong> display life <strong>of</strong> Kalanchoe (Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Poelln.) flowers. <strong>Postharvest</strong> Biol. Technol., 30: 169–176. Kende, H. 1993. Ethylene biosynthesis. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol., 44: 283–307.
80 POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY & TECHNOLOGY OF FRUITS, VEGETABLES, & FLOWERS Knee, M. 1995. Copper reverses silver inhibition <strong>of</strong> flower senescence in Petunia hybrida. <strong>Postharvest</strong> Biol. Technol., 6:121–128. Kosugi, Y., Shibuya, K., Tsuruno, N., Iwazaki, Y., Mochizuki, A., Yoshioka, T., Hashiba, T., <strong>and</strong> Satoh, S. 2000. Expression <strong>of</strong> genes responsible for ethylene production <strong>and</strong> wilting are differently regulated in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) petals. Plant Sci., 158: 139–145. Kuriyama, H. <strong>and</strong> Fukuda, H. 2002. Developmental programmed cell death in plants. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol., 5: 568–573. Lam, E. 2005. Vacuolar proteases livening up programmed cell death. Trends Cell Biol., 15: 124–127. Lanahan, M.B., Yen, H.C., Giovannoni, J.J., <strong>and</strong> Klee, H.I. 1994. The Never Ripe mutation blocks ethylene perception in tomato. Plant Cell, 6: 521–530. Lawton, K.A., Raghothama, K.G., Goldsbrough, P.B., <strong>and</strong> Woodson, W.R. 1990. Regulation <strong>of</strong> senescence-related gene expression in carnation flower petals by ethylene. Plant Physiol., 93: 1370–1375. Leverentz, M.K., Wagstaff, C., Rogers, H.J., Stead, A.D., Chanasut, U., Silkowski, H., Thomas, B., Weichert, H., Feussner, I., <strong>and</strong> Griffiths, G. 2002. Characterization <strong>of</strong> a novel lipoxygenase-independent senescence mechanism in Alstroemeria peruviana floral tissue. Plant Physiol., 130: 273–283. Lohman, K.N., Gan, S., John, M.C., <strong>and</strong> Amasino, R.M. 1994. Molecular analysis <strong>of</strong> natural leaf senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana. Physiol. Plant, 92: 322–328. Macnish, A.J., Joyce, D.C., Irving, D.E., <strong>and</strong> Wearing, A.H. 2004. A simple sustained release device for the ethylene binding inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene. <strong>Postharvest</strong> Biol. Technol., 32: 321–338. Mayak, S. <strong>and</strong> Halevy, A.H. 1970. Cytokinin activity in rose petals <strong>and</strong> its relation to senescence. Plant Physiol., 46: 497–499. Mayak, S. <strong>and</strong> Halevy, A.H. 1974. The action <strong>of</strong> kinetin in improving the water balance <strong>and</strong> delaying senescence processes <strong>of</strong> cut rose flowers. Physiol. Plant, 32: 330–336. Mayak, S., Halevy, A.H., <strong>and</strong> Katz, M. 1972. Correlative changes in phytohormones in relation to senescence processes in rose petals. Physiol. Plant, 27: 1–4. Mayak, S. <strong>and</strong> Tirosh, T. 1993. Unusual ethylene-related behavior in senescing flowers <strong>of</strong> the carnation s<strong>and</strong>rosa. Physiol. Plant, 88: 420–426. McCabe, M.S., Garratt, L.C., Schepers, F., Jordi, W.J.R.M., Stoopen, G.M., Davelaar, E., Van Rhijn, J.H.A., Power, J.B., <strong>and</strong> Davey, M.R. 2001. Effects <strong>of</strong> P-SAG12-IPT gene expression on development <strong>and</strong> senescence in transgenic lettuce. Plant Physiol., 127: 505–512. Medford, J.I., Horgan, R., El-Sawi, Z., <strong>and</strong> Klee, H.J. 1989. Alterations <strong>of</strong> endogenous cytokinins in transgenic plants using a chimeric isopentenyl transferase gene. Plant Cell, 1: 403–413. Medina-Suarez, R., Manning, K., Fletcher, I., Aked, I., Bird, C.R., <strong>and</strong> Seymour, G.B. 1997. Gene expression in the pulp <strong>of</strong> ripening bananas. Plant Physiol., 115: 453–461. Meir, S., Droby, S., Davidson, H., Alsevia, S., Cohen, L., Horev, B., <strong>and</strong> Philosoph-Hadas, S. 1998. Suppression <strong>of</strong> Botrytis rot in cut rose flowers by postharvest application <strong>of</strong> methyl jasmonate. <strong>Postharvest</strong> Biol. Technol., 13: 235–243. Michael, M.Z., Savin, K.W., Baudinette, S.C., Graham, M.W., Ch<strong>and</strong>ler, S.F., <strong>and</strong> Lu, C.Y. 1993. Cloning <strong>of</strong> ethylene biosynthetic genes involved in petal senescence <strong>of</strong> carnation <strong>and</strong> petunia, <strong>and</strong> their antisense expression in transgenic plants. In: Cellular <strong>and</strong> Molecular Aspects <strong>of</strong> the Plant Hormone Ethylene (ed., J.C. Pech, et al.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, the Netherl<strong>and</strong>s, pp. 298–303. Morris, R.O. 1995. Genes specifying auxin <strong>and</strong> cytokinin biosynthesis in prokaryotes. In: Plant Hormones Physiology, Biochemistry, <strong>and</strong> Molecular <strong>Biology</strong> (ed., P.J. Davies), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, the Netherl<strong>and</strong>s, pp. 318–339. Muller, R., Andersen, A.S., <strong>and</strong> Serek, M. 1998. Differences in display life <strong>of</strong> miniature potted roses (Rosa hybrida L.). Sci. Hort., 76: 59–71. Muller, R., Owen, C.A., Xue, Z.-T., Wel<strong>and</strong>er, M., <strong>and</strong> Stummann, B.M. 2002. Characterization <strong>of</strong> two CTR-like protein kinases in Rosa hybrida <strong>and</strong> their expression during flower senescence <strong>and</strong> in response to ethylene. J. Exp. Bot., 53: 1223–1225. Nam, H.G. 1997. The molecular genetic analysis <strong>of</strong> leaf senescence. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol., 8: 200– 207. Narumi, T., Kanno, Y., Suzuki, M., Kishimoto, S., Ohmiya, A., <strong>and</strong> Satoh, S. 2005. Cloning <strong>of</strong> a cDNA encoding an ethylene receptor (DG-ERS1) from chrysanthemum <strong>and</strong> comparison <strong>of</strong> its mRNA level in ethylene sensitive <strong>and</strong> insensitive cultivars. <strong>Postharvest</strong> Biol. Technol., 36: 21–30. Nichols, R. 1976. Cell enlargement <strong>and</strong> sugar accumulation in the gynoecium <strong>of</strong> the glasshouse carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) induced by ethylene. Planta, 130: 47–52.
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vi CONTENTS 9 Structural Deteriorat
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Contributors Ishan Adyanthaya Depar
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x CONTRIBUTORS Gopinadhan Paliyath
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xii PREFACE difficult to find a boo
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Chapter 1 Postharvest Biology and T
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POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY
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RHIZOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS 365 Tabl
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RHIZOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS 367 Toma
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RHIZOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS 369 Such
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RHIZOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS 371 Gian
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Chapter 18 Biotechnological Approac
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 375 tec
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 377 pro
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 379 suc
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 381 Fla
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 383 adm
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 385 wer
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 387 Bar
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 389 Kik
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 391 Tat
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 419 20
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 421 Ta
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 423 Ta
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 425 Li
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 427 So
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 429 Pr
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 431 e
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 433 el
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 435 st
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Cl O O O OH Cl O OH Cl Cl Cl 2,4-Di
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 439 O
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 441 Le
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Chapter 21 Changes in Nutritional Q
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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Index Abscisic acid (ABA), 65, 210,
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INDEX 469 Biosensor-based technolog
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INDEX 471 Cryptochlorogenic acid (4
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INDEX 473 French bean, 95 Fresh-cut
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INDEX 475 LePLDα3 (AY013253), 213-
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INDEX 477 Pectin methylesterase (PM
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INDEX 479 PSY1 expression, 289 PSY1
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INDEX 481 Sugars, biosynthesis of,